Internal Medicine Residency Readings: July - Dec 2014

Aronowitz P, Falk A (2012). Chapter 42. Flank Pain. In Henderson M.C., Tierney L.M., Jr., Smetana G.W. (Eds), The Patient History: An Evidence-Based Approach to Differential Diagnosis.

Gomella L.G., Haist S.A. (2007). Chapter 4. Laboratory Diagnosis: Chemistry, Immunology, Serology. In Gomella L.G., Haist S.A. (Eds), Clinician's Pocket Reference: The Scut Monkey, 11e.
Note: See Table 4–3 Hepatitis Panel Testing to Guide the Ordering of Hepatitis Profiles for Given Clinical Settings ; Table 4–4 Interpretation of Viral Hepatitis Serologic Testing Patterns; and, Hepatitis B diagnostic profile.

Davison, S. A., & Strasser, S. I. (2014). Ordering and interpreting hepatitis B serology. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 348g2522. doi:10.1136/bmj.g2522

Trépo, C., Chan, H. Y., & Lok, A. (2014). Seminar: Hepatitis B virus infection. The Lancet, 3842053-2063. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8

Hernández-Rodríguez, J., Alba, M. A., Prieto-González, S., & Cid, M. C. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Journal Of Autoimmunity, 48-4984-89. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.029

Polyarteritis Nodosa and Related Disorders from Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology (9th ed.)
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

Wright, J., & O’Connor, K. M. (2014). Fatigue. Medical Clinics Of North America, 98(Common Symptoms in the Ambulatory Setting), 597-608. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.010

Gomez H, Kellum JA. Understanding Acid Base Disorders. Crit Care Clin. 2015 Oct;31(4):849-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2015.06.016. Epub 2015 Aug 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 26410149.

Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis from Textbook of Critical Care (6th ed.)

Meyer, T., & Hostetter, T. (2007). Uremia. New England Journal Of Medicine, 357(13), 1316-1325.

Bargman J.M., Skorecki K (2012). Chapter 280. Chronic Kidney Disease. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.

Hayashi, M (2013). Calciphylaxis: diagnosis and clinical features. Clinical and experimental nephrology (1342-1751), 17 (4), 498.
PMID: 23430392 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0782-z

Vedvyas, C (2012). Calciphylaxis: a systematic review of existing and emerging therapies. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (0190-9622), 67 (6), e253.

Educational video on the basics of how to measure pulsus paradoxus in patients suspected of having cardiac tamponade.

Hamzaoui, O., Monnet, X., & Teboul, J. (2013). Pulsus paradoxus. The European Respiratory Journal, 42(6), 1696-1705. doi:10.1183/09031936.00138912

Trayes, K. P., Studdiford, J. S., Pickle, S., & Tully, A. S. (2013). Edema: diagnosis and management. American Family Physician, 88(2), 102-110.
Note: See Figure 2. Algorithm for the diagnosis of bilateral lower extremity edema or anasarca.

Kodner, C. (2009). Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. American Family Physician, 80(10), 1129-1134.

Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.)
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From DynaMed:
collapse (also called collapsing)
-characterized by implosive glomerular-tuft collapse with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of overlying visceral epithelial cells
-epithelial cells may be crescentic
-severe foot process effacement, severe tubular injury, and tubular microcysts
-often affecting people of African descent
-may be idiopathic or secondary to viral infections, drugs, or vaso-occlusive disease
-most aggressive with worst prognosis, severe nephrotic syndrome

Atta, M. G. (2010). Diagnosis and natural history of HIV-associated nephropathy. Advances In Chronic Kidney Disease, 17(1), 52-58. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2009.08.005

Yahaya, I., Uthman, O., & Uthman, M. (2013). Interventions for HIV-associated nephropathy. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (1),

Palladini, G., & Merlini, G. (2013). Systemic amyloidoses: What an internist should know. European Journal Of Internal Medicine, 24729-739. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2013.10.00
Note: describes involvement with different systems including cardiac, renal, liver, peripheral and autonomic nervous system, and soft tissue.

McNamara, R., & Dean, A. J. (2011). Approach to Acute Abdominal Pain. Emergency Medicine Clinics Of North America, 29(Gastrointestinal Emergencies), 159-173. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.013

de-Madaria, E., Banks, P. A., Moya-Hoyo, N., Wu, B. U., Rey-Riveiro, M., Acevedo-Piedra, N. G., & ... Singh, V. K. (2014). Early factors associated with fluid sequestration and outcomes of patients with acute pancreatitis. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal Of The American Gastroenterological Association, 12(6), 997-1002. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.10.017

Wu, B., & Banks, P. (2013). Clinical Management of Patients With Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology, 144(6), 1272-1281.

Pancreatitis from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.)
Note: Includes tables on etiology and prognostic scoring systems.
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

"In patients with severe acute pancreatitis, intensive insulin therapy could relieve the
patient’s condition earlier and shorten the length of hospitalization without serious adverse effect."
Li, J., Chen, T. R., Gong, H. L., Wan, M. H., Chen, G. Y., & Tang, W. F. (2012). Intensive insulin therapy in severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. The West Indian Medical Journal, 61(6), 574-579.

Scherer, J., Singh, V. P., Pitchumoni, C. S., & Yadav, D. (2014). Issues in hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: an update. Journal Of Clinical Gastroenterology, 48(3), 195-203. doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000436438.60145.5a
Note: Clinical Q&A review.
Note: See Question 12 for answer to: how do I prevent future episodes of pancreatitis? Prescribe antitriglycerides?

Nathens, A., Curtis, J., Beale, R., Cook, D., Moreno, R., Romand, J., & ... Waldmann, C. (2004). Management of the critically ill patient with severe acute pancreatitis. Critical Care Medicine, 32(12), 2524-2536.
Note: See question #2 What is the optimal mode and timing of nutritional support for the patient with severe acute pancreatitis?

Calmbach, W. L., & Hutchens, M. (2003). Evaluation of patients presenting with knee pain: Part I. History, physical examination, radiographs, and laboratory tests. American Family Physician, 68(5), 907-912.

Calmbach, W. L., & Hutchens, M. (2003). Evaluation of patients presenting with knee pain: Part II. Differential diagnosis. American Family Physician, 68(5), 917-922.

MacFarlane, L. A., & Kim, S. C. (2014). Gout. A Review of Nonmodifiable and Modifiable Risk Factors. Rheumatic Disease Clinics Of North America, 40(Preclinical Rheumatic Disease), 581-604. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2014.07.002

Roddy, E., & Doherty, M. (2013). Treatment of hyperuricaemia and gout. Clinical Medicine, 13(4), 400-403.
Note: Includes information re co-prescription of allopurinol and colchicine.

Saguil, A. (2005). Evaluation of the patient with muscle weakness. American Family Physician, 71(7), 1327-1336.

From the University of Connecticut:
The appropriate diagnosis and management of acid-base disorders in acutely ill or critically ill patients require accurate and timely interpretation of the specific acid-base disorder. Appropriate interpretation requires simultaneous measurement of plasma electrolytes and arterial blood gases, as well as an appreciation by the clinician of the physiologic adaptations and compensatory responses that occur with specific acid-base disturbances.

This tutorial was designed specifically for internal medicine residents and may also be used by medical students. It includes a discussion on the normal physiology of acid base regulation, acid base disorders and their effect on electrolytes; renal function and other processes in the body. This tutorial offers a step to step approach in analyzing the results of an arterial blood gas. Also included are practice cases that emphasize some of the more important concepts in understanding acid base disturb

Berend, K., de Vries, A. J., & Gans, R. B. (2014). Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances. New England Journal Of Medicine, 371(15), 1434-1445. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1003327

Kraut, J. A., & Madias, N. E. (2012). Differential diagnosis of nongap metabolic acidosis: value of a systematic approach. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology: CJASN, 7(4), 671-679. doi:10.2215/CJN.09450911

Reddy, P. (2011). Clinical approach to renal tubular acidosis in adult patients. International Journal Of Clinical Practice, 65(3), 350-360. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02311.x
Note: Includes table on differential diagnosis and diagnostic algorithm.

Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders from Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology (5th ed.)
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

Kiriakidou, M.(2013). Systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of internal medicine (0003-4819), 159 (7), ITC4.
PMID: 24081299 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-7-201310010-01004

Brief format of criteria for study.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.)

Bartels, CM. (2014). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Workup. Retrieved November 25, 2014 from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-workup

Travel-acquired Illnesses Associated with Fever from Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual (Jong, 4th ed.)

Schaffner, F., Medlock, J. M., & Bortel, W. (2013). Public health significance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. Clinical Microbiology & Infection, 19(8), 685-692. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12189

World Health Organization (2008). Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: executive summary. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/news/documents/executive-summary-malaria-RDTs.pdf

Marks, M., Gupta-Wright, A., Doherty, J. F., Singer, M., & Walker, D. (2014). Managing malaria in the intensive care unit. British Journal Of Anaesthesia. Note: Includes map of countries and areas with risk of malaria transmission; Life cycle of Plasmodium; Algorithm for Initial Assessment and Management of Malaria in Adults; Criteria for severe malaria.

Cheng, M. P., & Yansouni, C. P. (2013). Management of severe malaria in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Clinics, 29(4), 865-885. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2013.06.008

Centers for Disease Control (2013). Malaria Treatment (United States). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/treatment.html

Centers for Disease Control (2013). Treatment choice algorithm. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/algorithm.pdf

Corinaldesi, R. (.2012). Clinical approach to diarrhea. Internal and emergency medicine (1828-0447), 7 Suppl 3 (s3), S255. PMID: 23073866 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-012-0827-4

Lewis, J. M., Goodwin, L., & Beadsworth, M. J. (2014). The returning traveller with diarrhoea. British Journal Of Hospital Medicine (London, England: 2005), 75(9), C133-C136.

Douma, RA (2011). Performance of 4 clinical decision rules in the diagnostic management of acute pulmonary embolism: a prospective cohort study. Annals of internal medicine (0003-4819), 154 (11), 709. Note See Table 1. Clinical Decision Rules for simplified and original Wells Rule and Revised Geneva score.

Kline J.A. (2011). Chapter 60. Thromboembolism. In Tintinalli J.E., Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline D.M., Cydulka R.K., Meckler G.D., T (Eds), Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e. Retrieved November 19, 2014 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=348&Sectionid=40381525

Wilbur J, Shian B. Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. American Family Physician [serial online]. November 15, 2012;86(10):913-919. Available from: MEDLINE Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 19, 2014.

Liao S.L., Garcia M.J. (2011). Chapter 12. Diagnostic Decision Making Using Modern Technology. In Fuster V, Walsh R.A., Harrington R.A. (Eds), Hurst's The Heart, 13e. Retrieved November 19, 2014 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=376&Sectionid=40279738.

Smith, R. N., & Nolan, J. P. (2013). Central venous catheters. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 347(7933), 28-32. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6570
Q&A style review with info on device types, implantation, and infection prevention.

Mermel, L. A., Allon, M., Bouza, E., Craven, D. E., Flynn, P., O'Grady, N. P., & ... Warren, D. K. (2009). Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(1), 1-45. doi:10.1086/599376

del Pozo, J. L. (2009). Role of antibiotic lock therapy for the treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections. The International Journal Of Artificial Organs, 32(9), 678-688.

Pappas, P. G., Kauffman, C. A., Andes, D., Benjamin, D. J., Calandra, T. F., Edwards, J. J., & ... Sobel, J. D. (2009). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication Of The Infectious Diseases Society Of America, 48(5), 503-535. doi:10.1086/596757

Fungal Infections and the Eye from Albert & Jakobiec's Principles & Practice of Ophthalmology(3rd ed.)
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

Reboli, A., Rotstein, C., Pappas, P., Chapman, S., Kett, D., Kumar, D., & ... Walsh, T. (2007). Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis. New England Journal Of Medicine, 356(24), 2472.

Kett, D. H., Shorr, A. F., Reboli, A. C., Reisman, A. L., Biswas, P., & Schlamm, H. T. (2011). Anidulafungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candidiasis. Critical Care (London, England), 15(5), R253. doi:10.1186/cc10514

Brown, H. F., & Kelso, L. (2014). Abdominal pain: an approach to a challenging diagnosis. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 25(3), 266-278. doi:10.1097/NCI.0000000000000042

5 F's: Fat (overweight), Forty (age near or above 40), female, fertile (premenopausal- increased estrogen is thought to increase cholesterol levels in bile and decrease gallbladder contractions), and fair (gallstones more common in Caucasians).

Martínez, F., & López-Arregui, E. (2009). Infection risk and intrauterine devices. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88(3), 246-250. doi:10.1080/00016340802707473

Mitchell, C., & Prabhu, M. (2013). Pelvic inflammatory disease: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Infectious Disease Clinics, 27(4), 793-809. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.004

Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. (2010). MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 59(RR-12), 1-110.
Note: See pages 63-67 for PID information.

Peter, N., Clark, L., & Jaeger, J. (2004). Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: A diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain. Cleveland Clinic Journal Of Medicine, 71(3), 233-239.

Hogben, M., Kidd, S., & Burstein, G. R. (2012). Expedited partner therapy for sexually transmitted infections. Current Opinion In Obstetrics & Gynecology, 24(5), 299-304.

Huster, D. (2010). Wilson disease. Best Practice & Research In Clinical Gastroenterology, 24(5), 531-539.

Beltrán, M. A. (2012). Mirizzi syndrome: history, current knowledge and proposal of a simplified classification. World Journal Of Gastroenterology: WJG, 18(34), 4639-4650.

Tumors and Cysts of the Liver from Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (9th ed)

Cystic Disease of the Liver from Current Surgical Therapy (11th ed.)

Saguil, A. (2005). Evaluation of the patient with muscle weakness. American Family Physician, 71(7), 1327-1336.

Suresh, E., & Wimalaratna, S. (2013). Proximal myopathy: diagnostic approach and initial management. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 89(1054), 470-477. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-131752

Milisenda, J., Selva-O'Callaghan, A., & Grau, J. (2014). The diagnosis and classification of polymyositis. Journal Of Autoimmunity, 48-49118-121. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.025

Solorzano, G., & Phillips, L. (2011). Inclusion body myositis: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics Of North America, 37(2), 173-183. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2011.01.003

Carstens, P., & Schmidt, J. (2014). Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: recent advances. Clinical And Experimental Immunology, 175(3), 349-358. doi:10.1111/cei.12194

Hui, A. F., Wong, S. M., & Leung, T. (2007). Prognosis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Clinical Rheumatology, 26(1), 92.

Saguil, A. (2005). Evaluation of the patient with muscle weakness. American Family Physician, 71(7), 1327-1336.

Laboratory abnormalities seen with primary adrenal insufficiency: Mild hypoglycemia, 67%
Tucci, V., & Sokari, T. (2014). The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal emergencies. Emergency Medicine Clinics Of North America, 32(2), 465-484. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2014.01.006

Luni, F., Khan, A., Prashar, R., Vetteth, S., & Duggan, J. (2014). Fanconi Syndrome and Antiretrovirals: It Is Never Too Late. American Journal Of Therapeutic. PMID: 24914503 DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000095

Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders from Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology (5th ed.)
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF in addition to HTML view.

Chapter 130 Antiretroviral Therapy for Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Infection from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (8th ed.
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF in addition to HTML view.

Roche, S., & Kobos, R. (2004). Jaundice in the adult patient. American Family Physician, 69(2), 299-304.
Note: See Tables 1 and 2 for Intrahepatic and extrahepatic causes of conjugated
hyperbilirubinemia

Limdi, J., & Hyde, G. (2003). Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 79(932), 307-312.

"Acute liver failure (ALF) is defined as rapid development (<26 wk) of severe hepatic injury, coagulation abnormalities (international normalized ratio [INR] >1.5), and encephalopathy in a patient without preexisting liver disease, in the absence of acute alcoholic hepatitis." From Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

Approach to the patient with jaundice or abnormal liver tests from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed).
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

Stasi, R. (2012). How to approach thrombocytopenia. Hematology / The Education Program Of The American Society Of Hematology. American Society Of Hematology. Education Program, 2012191-197. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.191

Wong, E., & Rose, M. (2012). Why does my patient have thrombocytopenia?. Hematology/Oncology Clinics Of North America, 26(2), 231-252

Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia from Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice (6th ed)

Sanz, M., Iacoboni, G., & Montesinos, P. (2013). Acute promyelocytic leukemia: do we have a new front-line standard of treatment?. Current Oncology Reports, 15(5), 445-449. doi:10.1007/s11912-013-0339-z

Rogers, J., & Yang, D. (2012). Differentiation syndrome in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Journal Of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 18(1), 109-114. doi:10.1177/1078155211399163

Elias W, Shah BB. Tremor. JAMA. 2014;311(9):948-954. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.1397.

Pipis, M., Dehabadi, M., Matthews, E., & Gould, L. (2013). Tremor. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 347f7200. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7200

See: Table 18.1  Classification and differential diagnosis of tremors from Chapter 18 Tremors in Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders (Fahn, 2nd ed.)

Gabapentin from AHFS Drug Information (Adult and Pediatric) via Lexicomp

Beard, S. (2014). Rhinitis. Primary care (0095-4543), 41 (1), 33. PMID: 24439879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.005

Hemoptysis from Ferri's Clinical Advisor (Ferri, 2015)
Note: Includes link to diagnostic algorithm.

Almouhawis, H., Leao, J., Fedele, S., & Porter, S. (2013). Wegener's granulomatosis: a review of clinical features and an update in diagnosis and treatment. Journal Of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 42(7), 507-516. doi:10.1111/jop.12030

Comarmond, C. (2014). Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener): Clinical aspects and treatment. Autoimmunity reviews (1568-9972)
PMID: 25149391 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.017

"Exhibits detoxification activity in urinary tract only; does not appear to alter systemic activity or nonurologic toxicity of oxazaphosphorine derivatives (e.g., ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide). " DynaMed.

Weinzierl, E., & Arber, D. (2013). The differential diagnosis and bone marrow evaluation of new-onset pancytopenia. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology, 139(1), 9-29. doi:10.1309/AJCP50AEEYGREWUZ

Pancytopenia (Case 27) from Medicine: A Competency-Based Companion (Israel, 2013)

Foran, James M (2012). Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prognosis of myelodysplastic syndromes. The American journal of medicine (0002-9343), 125 (7 suppl), S6.

Bellos, Frauke (2008). Valproic acid and all-trans retinoic acid: meta-analysis of a palliative treatment regimen in AML and MDS patients. Onkologie (0378-584X), 31 (11), 629.

Chahine, L. M., Khoriaty, R. N., Tomford, W. J., & Hussain, M. S. (2011). The changing face of neurosyphilis. International Journal Of Stroke, 6(2), 136-143. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00568.x

Cohen, S., Klausner, J., Engelman, J., & Philip, S. (2013). Syphilis in the modern era: an update for physicians. Infectious Disease Clinics, 27(4), 705-722. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.005

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010. (2010). MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 59(RR-12), 1-114.

"A CSF white blood cell count greater than 10 per mm3(10 × 106per L) or a CSF protein level greater than 50 mg per dL (0.50 g per L) indicates possible neurosyphilis."

Thrumurthy, S. G., Karthikesalingam, A., Patterson, B. O., Holt, P. E., & Thompson, M. M. (2012). The diagnosis and management of aortic dissection. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 344(7839), 37-42. doi:10.1136/bmj.d8290

Cayley Jr., W. E. (2005). Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain. American Family Physician, 72(10), 2012.

Cloutier, R. L. (2010). Neutropenic Enterocolitis. Hematology/Oncology Clinics Of North America, 24(Cancer Emergencies), 577-584. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2010.03.005

"Sulfisoxazole; amikacin; a tetracycline; ceftriaxone;
imipenem or meropenem; cycloserine; linezolid"
Choice of antibacterial drugs. (2007) Treatment guidelines from the Medical Letter (1541-2784), 5 (57), 33.

Wilson, J. (2012). Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 87(4), 403-407. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.11.016
Note: See Table 2. Select Nocardia Species and Corresponding Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

Mandell, L. A., Wunderink, R. G., Anzueto, A., Bartlett, J. G., Campbell, G., Dean, N. C., & ... Whitney, C. G. (2007). Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44:S27-S72. doi:10.1086/511159

Molnar, A., & McGee, S. (2014). Diagnosing and treating dizziness. Medical Clinics Of North America, 98(3), 583-596. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.014

Reddy, P. (2011). Clinical approach to adrenal insufficiency in hospitalised patients. International Journal Of Clinical Practice, 65(10), 1059-1066. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02718.x

Charmandari, E., Nicolaides, N., & Chrousos, G. (2014). Adrenal insufficiency. The Lancet (Sciencedirect), 383(9935), 2152.

Patient story which references Dr. Susan Hasselquist and Dr. Michael Irwig.

Brandão Neto, R., & de Carvalho, J. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of Addison's disease (autoimmune adrenalitis). Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(4-5), 408-411. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.025

Dahele, A., & Ghosh, S. (2001). Vitamin B12 deficiency in untreated celiac disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 96(3), 745-750.

Stabler, S. (2013). Clinical practice. Vitamin B12 deficiency. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368(2), 149-160. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1113996

Chapter 22 Gait Disorders in Bradley’s Neurology in Clinical Practice (Daroff, 6th ed.)
Tip: Create free personal ClinicalKey login/pwd to download PDF of chapter.

Stern S.C., Cifu A.S., Altkorn D (2010). Chapter 6. I Have a Patient with Anemia. How Do I Determine the Cause?. In Stern S.C., Cifu A.S., Altkorn D (Eds), Symptom to Diagnosis: An Evidence-Based Guide, 2e. Retrieved September 04, 2014 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=383&Sectionid=41676335.

Walsh R.A., O'Rourke R.A., Shaver J.A. (2011). Chapter 14. The History, Physical Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation. In Fuster V, Walsh R.A., Harrington R.A. (Eds), Hurst's The Heart, 13e. Retrieved August 28, 2014 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=376&Sectionid=40279740.

Hoen B, Duval X. (2013). Clinical practice. Infective endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 11;368(15):1425-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1206782.

Lester, S., & Wilansky, S. (2007). Endocarditis and associated complications. Critical Care Medicine, 35(8), S384-S391.

Ryu, JH (2014). Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Evolving Concepts. Mayo Clinic proceedings (0025-6196), 89 (8), 1130.
PMID: 24867394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.03.016

Chapter 92 Interstitial Lung Disease from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed.)

Dempsey, O., Kerr, K., Remmen, H., & Denison, A. (2010). How to investigate a patient with suspected interstitial lung disease. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 340c2843. doi:10.1136/bmj.c2843

Chapter 91 Pulmonary Function Testing from Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care (Pfenninger, 3rd ed.)

Seccombe, LM (2010). Patients with lung disease - Fit to fly?. Australian family physician (0300-8495), 39 (3), 112.

Wilber, ST (2006). Altered mental status in older emergency department patients. Emergency medicine clinics of North America (0733-8627), 24 (2), 299.

Goodnough, LT (2014). Evaluation and management of anemia in the elderly. American journal of hematology (0361-8609), 89 (1), 88.
PMID: 24122955 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23598
Note: Includes diagnostic algorithm.

Lee, GM (2013). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Hematology (1520-4391), 2013 (1), 668.
PMID: 24319250 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.668

"The majority of patients with idiopathic TTP have a severe deficiency in ADAMTS13 activity. ADAMTS13 ( a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombo spondin type 1 repeats) is a protein responsible for cleaving unusually large multimers of VWF (UL-VWF) into biologically less-active multimers. Absence of this protein leaves large multimers present which cause “spontaneous” platelet adhesion and aggregation. In idiopathic TTP, the reduction in ADAMTS13 activity has been shown to be immune-mediated with antibodies to ADAMS13. These antibodies are not present in all cases."
From Chapter 12 Disorders of Platelets in Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (Lanzkowsky,5th ed)

Noris M, Remuzzi G. Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1676-87.

Ely JW, Seabury Stone M. (2010). The generalized rash: part I. Differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Mar 15;81(6):726-34.

Ely JW, Seabury Stone M. (2010). The generalized rash: part II. Diagnostic approach. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Mar 15;81(6):735-9.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura. (2013). from Epocrates Essentials available at: http://online.epocrates.com/noFrame/showPage.do?method=diseases&MonographId=110&ActiveSectionId=71

Chapter 137 Varicella-Zoster Virus from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Mandell, 7th ed.)

Massengill JS, Kittredge JL. (2014). Practical considerations in the pharmacological treatment of postherpetic neuralgia for the primary care provider. J Pain Res. 2014 Mar 10;7:125-32. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S57242. eCollection 2014.

Wait 6 to 12 months per:
Immunization Action Coalition. (2014). Ask the experts about shingles. Available at: http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_zos.asp
Note: Source provided by Dr. Richard Brooks.

Silva, J., & White, C. (2013). Ischemic bowel syndromes. Primary Care, 40(1), 153-167. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.11.007

Pozo, A., Godfrey, E., & Bowles, K. (2009). Splenomegaly: investigation, diagnosis and management. Blood Reviews, 23(3), 105-111. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2008.10.001

Chapter 191 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed.)

Chapter 192 Hodgkin's Lymphoma from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed.)

Chapter 16 Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma from Hematopathology (Jaffe, 2011)

From Amirsys Imaging Reference Center
"Ground-glass opacity
- Increased lung density or attenuation
- Does not obscure underlying structures
Results from
- Alveolar filling/collapse
- Interstitial thickening
Increased blood volume
Combination of above mechanisms"
Note: See resource for images with expert commentary.

Chapter 100 Diagnostic Strategies for a Chest Wall Mass from Pearson's Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery (Patterson, 3rd ed. )
Note: See 'TABLE 100-1 Differential Diagnosis of a Chest Wall Mass'
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to download chapter as PDF.

Thompson, G., & Patterson, T. (n.d). Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine, 29(2), 103-110.

"Definition: Zone of ground-glass attenuation surrounding pulmonary soft tissue nodule or mass"
Note: See resource for images with expert commentary.

"Galactomannan, which is a heteropolysaccharide of the Aspergillus cell wall, is a useful biomarker that is released into the circulation and alveolar spaces during IPA. Detection of galactomannan by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in serum or BAL above certain thresholds is strong microbiologic evidence of a diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with characteristic clinical manifestations. Nonetheless, false-positive results have been reported in patients who have received piperacillin-tazobactam or amoxicillin-clavulanate, in instances in which Plasma-Lyte was used for BAL, and in other deeply invasive mycoses such as blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. Serum galactomannan may be falsely negative in patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis or empirical therapy.Galactomannan, which is a heteropolysaccharide of the Aspergillus cell wall, is a useful biomarker that is released into the circulation and alveolar spaces during IPA. Detection of galactomannan by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in serum or BAL above certain thresholds is strong microbiologic evidence of a diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with characteristic clinical manifestations. Nonetheless, false-positive results have been reported in patients who have received piperacillin-tazobactam or amoxicillin-clavulanate, in instances in which Plasma-Lyte was used for BAL, and in other deeply invasive mycoses such as blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. Serum galactomannan may be falsely negative in patients receiving antifungal prophylaxis or empirical therapy." From Chapter 347 Aspergillosis in Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed. )

Includes tick ID photos, maps of U.S. prevalence, and 2-page snapshots by disease of signs and symptoms, lab findings and confirmation, and treatment information.

Chapter 180 Tick-Borne Diseases from Emergency Medicine (Adams, 2nd ed.)
Note: See Table 180.4 Tick-Borne Disease Syndromes for characteristics of typical cases.
Note: Create free personal ClinicalKey account to access chapter as PDF document.

About 2,500 cases of ehrlichiosis reported in United States in 2010; number of cases reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2010.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010). Summary of notifiable diseases--United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Jun 1;59(53):1-111.

"The diagnosis of tularemia ultimately rests on clinical suspicion. Results of routine laboratory testing are nonspecific. The leukocyte count and sedimentation rate may be normal or elevated. Thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, elevated serum transaminases, increased creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria, and sterile pyuria are occasionally found. 1 The organism is rarely seen on Gram-stained smears or in tissue biopsies and does not grow in routinely plated cultures. However, F. tularensis may be recovered from blood, pleural fluid, lymph nodes, wounds, sputum, and gastric aspirates when processed on supportive media. Because of this and its potential danger to laboratory personnel, individuals working in the area or who may come in contact with the specimens should be notified if tularemia is suspected. Isolations by blood culture have included the less virulent holarctica (type B) strains as well as the more virulent tularensis (type A) strains. Animal inoculation is rarely performed, in part because this requires Biosafety Level 3 facilities. Biosafety Level 2 is sufficient for laboratory handling of routine clinical specimens, but Biosafety Level 3 should be used to process isolates suspected of being F. tularensis."
From Chapter 227 Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) from Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Mandell, 7th ed)

Dworkin MS, Schwan TG, Anderson DE Jr, Borchardt SM (2008). Tick-borne relapsing fever. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008 Sep;22(3):449-68, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2008.03.006.

The late skin lesion acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans is found mainly in Europe because of its association with B. afzelii infection, although any B. burgdorferi species can cause the lesion. 80 Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans develops insidiously over years and is most often found on the dorsum of the hands or feet. 81 It begins as a unilateral bluish red discoloration and swelling, which evolves to atrophic, cellophane-like skin with prominent appearance of the blood vessels. About 60% of patients also have a peripheral sensory neuropathy affecting the involved extremity. A prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is shown on the skin biopsy specimen. Antibiotics can lead to improvement in pain "and swelling, but atrophic skin remains."
From Chapter 110
Lyme Disease (see section on Late Skin Disease) in Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology (Firestein, 9th ed.)

Winger, J., & Michelfelder, A. (2011). Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice. Primary Care, 38(3), 469-482.

Hou, W., & Sanyal, A. (2009). Ascites: diagnosis and management. Medical Clinics Of North America, 93(4), 801-817. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.03.007

Dignan, F., Wynn, R., Hadzic, N., Karani, J., Quaglia, A., Pagliuca, A., & ... Potter, M. (2013). BCSH/BSBMT guideline: diagnosis and management of veno-occlusive disease (sinusoidal obstruction syndrome) following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. British Journal Of Haematology, 163(4), 444-457. doi:10.1111/bjh.12558

Chapter 91 Ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis from Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (Feldman, 9th ed.)

Kouiaouzidis, A. A., Bhat, S. S., Karagiannidis, A. A., Tan, W. C., & Linaker, B. D. (2007). Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 83(980), 379. doi:10.11 36/pgmj.2006.0561 68

Salerno, F., Navickis, R., & Wilkes, M. (n.d). Albumin Infusion Improves Outcomes of Patients With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology, 11(2), 123-+.

Mandorfer, M., Bota, S., Schwabl, P., Bucsics, T., Pfisterer, N., Kruzik, M., & ... Reiberger, T. (2014). Nonselective β blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology, 146(7), 1680-90.e1. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.005

Han, J., & Wilber, S. (2013). Altered mental status in older patients in the emergency department. Clinics In Geriatric Medicine, 29(1), 101-136. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2012.09.005

Verbalis, J., Goldsmith, S., Greenberg, A., Korzelius, C., Schrier, R., Sterns, R., & Thompson, C. (n.d). Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hyponatremia: Expert Panel Recommendations. American Journal of Medicine, 126(10), S5-S41.

Bhattarai, N., Kafle, P., & Panda, M. (2010). Beer potomania: a case report. BMJ Case Reports, 2010doi:10.1136/bcr.10.2009.2414 Note: Includes case used by Dr. Henson for presentation.

Imbriano, L., Ilamathi, E., Ali, N., Miyawaki, N., & Maesaka, J. (2012). Normal fractional urate excretion identifies hyponatremic patients with reset osmostat. Journal Of Nephrology, 25(5), 833-838. doi:10.5301/jn.5000074

Adrogue, H., & Madias, N. (n.d). Primary care: Hyponatremia. New England Journal of Medicine, 342(21), 1581-1589. Note: recommended by Dr. Ahari.

Upadhyay, A., Jaber, B. L., & Madias, N. E. (2006). Incidence and Prevalence of Hyponatremia. The American Journal Of Medicine, 119(Supplement 1), S30-S35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005

- No evidence for metronidazole OR tetracycline.
-From DynaMed:
aminoglycosides; amitriptyline; analgesic abuse; antiepileptic drugs; aspirin; busulfan; chlorpromazine; cyclophosphamide; diuretics; oral contraceptives; penicillins; quinine; vincristine; warfarin (unlikely unless underlying urologic abnormality)

Margulis, V., & Sagalowsky, A. (2011). Assessment of hematuria. Medical Clinics Of North America, 95(1), 153-159. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.028
Note: For diagnostic algorithm, see Fig. 1. Workup of hematuria in adults based on AUA best practice policy recommendations.

Couser, W. (1999). Glomerulonephritis. Lancet, 353(9163), 1509-1515

Chadban, S J (2005). Glomerulonephritis. The Lancet (British edition) (0140-6736), 365 (9473), 1797.
PMID: 15910953 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66583-X

Wyatt, R., & Julian, B. (n.d). IgA Nephropathy. New England Journal Of Medicine, 368(25), 2402-2414.

Hartono, C. (2014). Treating IgA nephropathy: quid novi. Discovery medicine (1539-6509), 17 (93), 131.