Internal Medicine Residency Readings: July - Dec 2019

Olson E, Perelman A, Birk JW. Acute management of pancreatitis: the key to best outcomes. Postgrad Med J. 2019;95(1124):328–333. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136034

Gupte A, Goede D, Tuite R, Forsmark CE. Chronic pancreatitis. BMJ. 2018;361:k2126. Published 2018 Jun 7. doi:10.1136/bmj.k2126

Barkin JA, Nemeth Z, Saluja AK, Barkin JS. Cannabis-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review. Pancreas. 2017;46(8):1035–1038. doi:10.1097/MPA.0000000000000873

Guda NM, Muddana V, Whitcomb DC, et al. Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: International State-of-the-Science Conference With Recommendations. Pancreas. 2018;47(6):653–666. doi:10.1097/MPA.0000000000001053

Chowaniec M, Starba A, Wiland P. Erythema nodosum - review of the literature. Reumatologia. 2016;54(2):79–82. doi:10.5114/reum.2016.60217

Hetland LE, Susrud KS, Lindahl KH, Bygum A. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A Literature Review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(10):1160–1166. doi:10.2340/00015555-2733

Sheth K, Bockorny M, Elaba Z, Scola C. Adult Onset Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Case Report and Review of Literature. Conn Med. 2015;79(2):81–85.

Lopalco G, Rigante D, Venerito V, et al. Management of Small Vessel Vasculitides. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016;18(6):36. doi:10.1007/s11926-016-0580-1

Montrief T, Koyfman A, Long B. Scleroderma renal crisis: a review for emergency physicians. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(4):561–570. doi:10.1007/s11739-019-02096-2

Kucharz EJ, Kopeć-Mędrek M. Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017;26(5):875–880. doi:10.17219/acem/64334

Alrayyes S, Baghdan D, Haddad RY, et al. Sickle cell disease; An overview of the disease and its systemic effects. Dis Mon. 2018;64(6):283–289. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.12.003

Ware RE, de Montalembert M, Tshilolo L, Abboud MR. Sickle cell disease. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):311–323. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30193-9

Farooq S, Abu Omar M, Salzman GA. Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Hosp Pract (1995). 2018;46(3):144–151. doi:10.1080/21548331.2018.1464363

Hamosh, A. (2019). Sickle cell anemia. Retrieved from OMIM® - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man®: https://omim.org/entry/603903#history

Bohl CJ, Parks A. A Mnemonic for Pharmacists to Ensure Optimal Monitoring and Safety of Total Parenteral Nutrition: I AM FULL. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Jul;51(7):603-613. doi: 10.1177/1060028017697425. Epub 2017 Mar 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 28622737.

George JN, Nester CM. Syndromes of thrombotic microangiopathy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(19):1847–1848. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1410951

Knöbl P. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Memo. 2018;11(3):220-226. doi: 10.1007/s12254-018-0429-6. Epub 2018 Aug 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 30220931; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6132833.

Canpolat N. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2015 Jun 1;50(2):73-82. doi: 10.5152/tpa.2015.2297. eCollection 2015 Jun. Review. PubMed PMID: 26265890; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4523989.

Gabe LM, Malo J, Knox KS. Diagnosis and Management of Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Chest Med. 2017 Sep;38(3):417-433. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 Jun 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 28797486.

"It is advisable to monitor antifungal drug levels in all patients with CM, but particularly if itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole are used. This is largely to assure therapeutic serum levels, but voriconazole is also associated with increased risk of neurologic and hepatic toxicity at high serum concentrations."
Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(6):e112–e146. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw360

Marcantonio ER. In the clinic. Delirium. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Jun 7;154(11):ITC6-1, ITC6-2, ITC6-3, ITC6-4, ITC6-5, ITC6-6, ITC6-7, ITC6-8, ITC6-9, ITC6-10, ITC6-11, ITC6-12, ITC6-13, ITC6-14, ITC6-15; quiz ITC6-16. doi:
10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-01006. Review. PubMed PMID: 21646553.

Freeman J. Management of hypoglycemia in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Postgrad Med. 2019;131(4):241–250. doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1578590

Agrawal S, Dhiman RK, Limdi JK. Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgrad Med J. 2016 Apr;92(1086):223-34. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133715. epub 2016 Feb 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 26842972.

Bellumkonda L, Gul B, Masri SC. Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiogenic Shock. Am J Cardiol. 2018 Sep 15;122(6):1104-1110. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.040. Epub 2018 Jun 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 30072134.

Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN. Systemic amyloidosis. Lancet. 2016 Jun
25;387(10038):2641-2654. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01274-X. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
Review. PubMed PMID: 26719234.

Donnelly JP, Hanna M. Cardiac amyloidosis: An update on diagnosis and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017 Dec;84(12 Suppl 3):12-26. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.84.s3.02. Review. PubMed PMID: 29257735.

Dispenzieri A, Buadi F, Kumar SK, Reeder CB, Sher T, Lacy MQ, Kyle RA, Mikhael JR, Roy V, Leung N, Grogan M, Kapoor P, Lust JA, Dingli D, Go RS, Hwa YL, Hayman SR, Fonseca R, Ailawadhi S, Bergsagel PL, Chanan-Khan A, Rajkumar SV, Russell SJ, Stewart K, Zeldenrust SR, Gertz MA. Treatment of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis: Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Consensus Statement. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 Aug;90(8):1054-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.06.009. Review. PubMed PMID: 26250727.

Bamberger DM. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Dec 15;82(12):1491-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 21166369.

Hasan TF, Rabinstein AA, Middlebrooks EH, Haranhalli N, Silliman SL, Meschia JF, Tawk RG. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Apr;93(4):523-538. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.013. Review. PubMed PMID: 29622098.

Colville T, Sharma V, Albouaini K. Infective endocarditis in intravenous drug
users: a review article. Postgrad Med J. 2016 Feb;92(1084):105-11. doi:
10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133648. Epub 2015 Dec 30. Review. PubMed PMID:
26719453.

Wang A, Gaca JG, Chu VH. Management Considerations in Infective Endocarditis:
A Review. JAMA. 2018 Jul 3;320(1):72-83. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.7596. Review.
PubMed PMID: 29971402.

Wahls SA. Causes and evaluation of chronic dyspnea. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jul 15;86(2):173-82. Review. PubMed PMID: 22962929.

Nagao T, Hirokawa M. Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults. J Gen Fam Med. 2017 Apr 13;18(5):200-204. doi: 10.1002/jgf2.31. eCollection 2017 Oct. Review. PubMed PMID: 29264027; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5689413.

Green R, Dwyre DM. Evaluation of Macrocytic Anemias. Semin Hematol. 2015 Oct;52(4):279-86. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.06.001. Epub 2015 Jun 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 26404440.

Myint ZW, Oo TH, Thein KZ, Tun AM, Saeed H. Copper deficiency anemia: review article. Ann Hematol. 2018 Sep;97(9):1527-1534. doi: 10.1007/s00277-018-3407-5. epub 2018 Jun 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 29959467.

Earwood JS, Rogers TS, Rathjen NA. Ear Pain: Diagnosing Common and Uncommon Causes. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Jan 1;97(1):20-27. PubMed PMID: 29365233.

Khan MA, Quadri SAQ, Kazmi AS, Kwatra V, Ramachandran A, Gustin A, Farooqui M, Suriya SS, Zafar A. A Comprehensive Review of Skull Base Osteomyelitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges among Various Presentations. Asian J Neurosurg. 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):959-970. doi: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_90_17. Review. PubMed PMID: 30459850; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6208218.

Mellor TE, Mitchell N, Logan J. Lemierre's syndrome variant of the gut. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Oct 20;2017. pii: bcr-2017-221567. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221567. Review. PubMed PMID: 29054895; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5665355.

Weinmann S, Naleway AL, Koppolu P, et al. Incidence of Herpes Zoster Among Children: 2003-2014. Pediatrics. 2019;144(1):e20182917. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2917

Sauboin C, Holl K, Bonanni P, et al. The impact of childhood varicella vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster in the general population: modelling the effect of exogenous and endogenous varicella-zoster virus immunity boosting. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):126. Published 2019 Feb 6. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3759-z

Galioto, N. (2017). Peritonsillar abscess. American Family Physician, 95(8), 501–506.

Weber AL, Montandon C, Robson CD. Neurogenic tumors of the neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 2000 Sep;38(5):1077-90. Review. PubMed PMID: 11054970 [Abstract].

Gnanaraj J, Parnes A, Francis CW, Go RS, Takemoto CM, Hashmi SK. Approach to pancytopenia: Diagnostic algorithm for clinical hematologists. Blood Rev. 2018 Sep;32(5):361-367. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Mar 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 29555368.

Muench J, Hamer AM. Adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Mar 1;81(5):617-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 20187598.

Hainer BL, Matheson EM. Approach to acute headache in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2013 May 15;87(10):682-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 23939446.

Chapter 29 Cerebrospinal, Synovial, Serous Body Fluids, and Alternative Specimens from Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 23rd ed.

Mount HR, Boyle SD. Aseptic and Bacterial Meningitis: Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1;96(5):314-322. PubMed PMID: 28925647.

Steiner I, Benninger F. Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 Dec;13(12):414. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0414-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 24142852.

Machat S, Eisenhuber E, Pfarl G, Stübler J, Koelblinger C, Zacherl J, Schima W. Complications of central venous port systems: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 2019 Aug 28;10(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s13244-019-0770-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 31463643; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6713776.

De Backer D. Treatment of shock. Acta Clin Belg. 2011 Nov-Dec;66(6):438-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 22338308.

Moranville MP, Mieure KD, Santayana EM. Evaluation and management of shock States: hypovolemic, distributive, and cardiogenic shock. J Pharm Pract. 2011 Feb;24(1):44-60. doi: 10.1177/0897190010388150. Epub 2010 Nov 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 21507874.

Shah P, Cowger JA. Cardiogenic shock. Crit Care Clin. 2014 Jul;30(3):391-412.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2014.03.001. Review. PubMed PMID: 24996603.

Spearman CW, Dusheiko GM, Hellard M, Sonderup M. Hepatitis C. Lancet. 2019 Oct 19;394(10207):1451-1466. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32320-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 31631857.

Lutz P, Nischalke HD, Strassburg CP, Spengler U. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: The clinical challenge of a leaky gut and a cirrhotic liver. World J Hepatol. 2015 Mar 27;7(3):304-14. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.304. Review. PubMed PMID: 25848460; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4381159.

Marciano S, Díaz JM, Dirchwolf M, Gadano A. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis: incidence, outcomes, and treatment strategies. Hepat Med. 2019 Jan 14;11:13-22. doi: 10.2147/HMER.S164250. eCollection 2019. Review. PubMed PMID: 30666172; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6336019.

Ross JT, Matthay MA, Harris HW. Secondary peritonitis: principles of diagnosis and intervention. BMJ. 2018 Jun 18;361:k1407. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k1407. Review. PubMed PMID: 29914871

Yao CK, Fung J, Chu NHS, Tan VPY. Dietary Interventions in Liver Cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep;52(8):663-673. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001071. Review. PubMed PMID: 29912757.

Jansson-Knodell CL, Codipilly DC, Leggett CL. Making Dysphagia Easier to Swallow: A Review for the Practicing Clinician. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jun;92(6):965-972. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.03.021. Review. PubMed PMID: 28578784.

Kruger D. Assessing esophageal dysphagia. JAAPA. 2014 May;27(5):23-30. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000446227.85554.fb. Review. PubMed PMID: 24691181.

Tack J, Zaninotto G. Therapeutic options in oesophageal dysphagia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jun;12(6):332-41. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.45. Epub 2015 Mar 31. Review. PubMed PMID: 25824996.

Singh SP, Odze RD. Multinucleated epithelial giant cell changes in esophagitis: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998 Jan;22(1):93-9. PubMed PMID: 9422321.

Chen JW, Kao JY. Eosinophilic esophagitis: update on management and controversies. BMJ. 2017 Nov 13;359:j4482. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j4482. Review. PubMed PMID: 29133286.

Cartwright SL, Knudson MP. Evaluation of acute abdominal pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Apr 1;77(7):971-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 18441863.

Gutierrez C, Blanchard DG. Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Am Fam Physician. 2016 Sep 15;94(6):442-52. PubMed PMID: 27637120.

Runser LA, Gauer RL, Houser A. Syncope: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Mar 1;95(5):303-312. PubMed PMID: 28290647.

Essien EO, Rali P, Mathai SC. Pulmonary Embolism. Med Clin North Am. 2019 May;103(3):549-564. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.12.013. Review. PubMed PMID: 30955521.

Haynes J, Arnold KR, Aguirre-Oskins C, Chandra S. Evaluation of neck masses in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2015 May 15;91(10):698-706. PubMed PMID: 25978199.

“In the head and neck, paragangliomas are located at the carotid bifurcation (carotid body tumors), at the superior vagal ganglion (glomus jugulare tumors), at the auricular branch of the vagus (glomus tympanicum tumors), and at the inferior vagal ganglion (glomus vagale tumors).”
From Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery, Seventh Edition

Eickhoff CA, Decker CF. Syphilis. Dis Mon. 2016 Aug;62(8):280-6. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.012. Epub 2016 Apr 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 27091635.

DuPont HL. Persistent Diarrhea: A Clinical Review. JAMA. 2016 Jun 28;315(24):2712-23. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.7833. Review. PubMed PMID: 27357241.

Choi EH, Coyle WJ. Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0014-2016. Review. PubMed PMID: 28084201.

Sagar VM, Cooper SC, Johnson J, Shetty S, Shah T. Gastrointestinal
manifestations of neuroendocrine tumours: their investigation and management.
Postgrad Med J. 2017 Aug;93(1102):494-497. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-134847.
Epub 2017 Jun 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 28600342.

Endres DB. Investigation of hypercalcemia. Clin Biochem. 2012 Aug;45(12):954-63. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.04.025. Epub 2012 May 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 22569596.

Walker MD, Silverberg SJ. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;14(2):115-125. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.104. Epub 2017 Sep 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 28885621; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6037987.

"Hypercalcemia occurs only with the ingestion of 10 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (5000 IU/day). The identical syndrome can result from ingestion of the vitamin A derivatives isotretinoin (13- cis -retinoic acid [Accutane]) and tretinoin (all- trans -retinoic acid [Retin-A]), used to treat acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Bones can show characteristic periosteal calcification on radiographs. The hypercalcemia is probably caused by the action of retinoids to stimulate bone resorption. "
From Chapter 28 Hormones and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism in Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (13th ed.)

Conaway HH, Henning P, Lerner UH. Vitamin a metabolism, action, and role in skeletal homeostasis. Endocr Rev. 2013 Dec;34(6):766-97. doi: 10.1210/er.2012-1071. Epub 2013 May 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 23720297.

Haas LJ, Leiser JP, Magill MK, Sanyer ON. Management of the difficult patient. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(10):2063–2068.

Corney, R. H., Strathdee, G., Higgs, R., King, M., Williams, P., Sharp, D., & Pelosi, A. J. (1988). Managing the difficult patient: practical suggestions from a study day. JR Coll Gen Pract, 38(313), 349-352.

Baran CN, Sanders JJ. Communication Skills: Delivering Bad News, Conducting a Goals of Care Family Meeting, and Advance Care Planning. Prim Care. 2019;46(3):353–372. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2019.05.003

Sharma S, Sharma P, Tyler LN. Transfusion of blood and blood products: indications and complications. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(6):719–724.

Boisen ML, Collins RA, Yazer MH, Waters JH. Pretransfusion testing and transfusion of uncrossmatched erythrocytes. Anesthesiology. 2015 Jan;122(1):191-5. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000414. Review. PubMed PMID:25127209.

Mueller MM, Van Remoortel H, Meybohm P, Aranko K, Aubron C, Burger R, Carson JL, Cichutek K, De Buck E, Devine D, Fergusson D, Folléa G, French C, Frey KP, Gammon R, Levy JH, Murphy MF, Ozier Y, Pavenski K, So-Osman C, Tiberghien P, Volmink J, Waters JH, Wood EM, Seifried E; ICC PBM Frankfurt 2018 Group. Patient Blood Management: Recommendations From the 2018 Frankfurt Consensus Conference. JAMA. 2019 Mar 12;321(10):983-997. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.0554. PubMed PMID: 30860564.

Figueiredo S, Benhamou D. Use of fresh frozen plasma: from the 2012 French guidelines to recent advances. Transfus Apher Sci. 2017 Feb;56(1):20-25. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.12.011. Epub 2016 Dec 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 28110840.

Delaney M, Wendel S, Bercovitz RS, Cid J, Cohn C, Dunbar NM, Apelseth TO, Popovsky M, Stanworth SJ, Tinmouth A, Van De Watering L, Waters JH, Yazer M, Zeman A; Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative. Transfusion reactions: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet. 2016 Dec 3;388(10061):2825-2836. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01313-6. Epub 2016 Apr 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 27083327.

Clarkson MD, Haskell H, Hemmelgarn C, Skolnik PJ. Abandon the term "second victim". BMJ. 2019 Mar 27;364:l1233. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l1233. PubMed PMID: 30917966.

From: Lo, B. (2020). Resolving ethical dilemmas : a guide for clinicians (Sixth edition.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Why an open approach benefits not only patients and their families, but also medical students, physicians, and teaching hospitals.

Yew KS, Cheng EM. Diagnosis of acute stroke. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Apr 15;91(8):528-36. Review. PubMed PMID: 25884860.

Thomas RE, Thomas BC. Systematic review of injuries in mixed martial arts. Phys Sportsmed. 2018 May;46(2):155-167. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1430451. Epub 2018 Jan 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 29347856.

Hasan TF, Rabinstein AA, Middlebrooks EH, Haranhalli N, Silliman SL, Meschi JF, Tawk RG. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Apr;93(4):523-538. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.013. Review. PubMed PMID: 29622098.

Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Diagnostic tests 4: likelihood ratios. BMJ. 2004 Jul 17;329(7458):168-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15258077; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC478236.

Gajulapalli RD, Aneja A, Rovner A. Cardiac stress testing for the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease: a reference for the primary care physician. South Med J. 2012 Feb;105(2):93-9. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3182443bc6. Review. PubMed PMID: 22267098.

Rozanski A, Berman D. Optimizing the Assessment of Patients' Clinical Risk at the Time of Cardiac Stress Testing. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 Jul 11. pii: S1936-878X(19)30445-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.038. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 31326497.

Dilsizian V, Gewirtz H, Paivanas N, Kitsiou AN, Hage FG, Crone NE, Schwartz RG. Serious and potentially life threatening complications of cardiac stress testing: Physiological mechanisms and management strategies. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015 Dec;22(6):1198-213; quiz 1195-7. doi: 10.1007/s12350-015-0141-4. Epub 2015 May 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 25975944.

Thomas DM, Divakaran S, Villines TC, Nasir K, Shah NR, Slim AM, Blankstein R, Cheezum MK. Management of Coronary Artery Calcium and Coronary CTA Findings. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2015;8(6):18. Review. PubMed PMID: 25960825; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4412516.

DuPont HL. Persistent Diarrhea: A Clinical Review. JAMA. 2016 Jun 28;315(24):2712-23. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.7833. Review. PubMed PMID: 27357241.

Sultan S, Malhotra A. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Jun 6;166(11):ITC81-ITC96. doi: 10.7326/AITC201706060. Review. PubMed PMID: 28586906.

Ford AC, Lacy BE, Talley NJ. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 29;376(26):2566-2578. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1607547. Review. PubMed PMID: 28657875.

Vanhove T, Annaert P, Kuypers DR. Clinical determinants of calcineurin inhibitor disposition: a mechanistic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2016;48(1):88-112. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2016.1151037. Epub 2016 Feb 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 26912097.

Chakkera HA, Kudva Y, Kaplan B. Calcineurin Inhibitors: Pharmacologic Mechanisms Impacting Both Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretion Leading to Glucose Dysregulation and Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Jan;101(1):114-120. doi: 10.1002/cpt.546. Epub 2016 Nov 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 27804122.

Kalt DA. Tacrolimus: A Review of Laboratory Detection Methods and Indications for Use. Lab Med. 2017 Nov 8;48(4):e62-e65. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmx056. Review. PubMed PMID: 29096030.

Fargo MV, Grogan SP, Saguil A. Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Feb 1;95(3):164-168. Review. PubMed PMID: 28145671.

Agrawal S, Dhiman RK, Limdi JK. Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgrad Med J. 2016 Apr;92(1086):223-34. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133715. 2016 Feb 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 26842972.

Singh A, Gelrud A, Agarwal B. Biliary strictures: diagnostic consideration and approach. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2015 Feb;3(1):22-31. doi: 10.1093/gastro/gou072. Epub 2014 Oct 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 25355800; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4324869.

Kapoor BS, Mauri G, Lorenz JM. Management of Biliary Strictures: State-of-the-Art Review. Radiology. 2018 Dec;289(3):590-603. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018172424. Epub 2018 Oct 23. Review. PubMed PMID: 30351249.

Jung JY, Suh CH. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus, similarities, and differences with lupus flare. Korean J Intern Med. 2017 May;32(3):429-438. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2016.234. Epub 2017 Apr 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 28490724; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5432804.

Fernandez D, Kirou KA. What Causes Lupus Flares? Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016 Mar;18(3):14. doi: 10.1007/s11926-016-0562-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 26951252.

Kulchavenya E, Zhukova I, Kholtobin D. Spectrum of urogenital tuberculosis. J Infect Chemother. 2013 Oct;19(5):880-3. doi: 10.1007/s10156-013-0586-9. Epub 2013 Mar 25. PubMed PMID: 23526041.

Isaacs M, Cardones AR, Rahnama-Moghadam S. DRESS syndrome: clinical myths and pearls. Cutis. 2018 Nov;102(5):322-326. Review. PubMed PMID: 30566546.

Chambers JB, Marks EM, Hunter MS. The head says yes but the heart says no: what is non-cardiac chest pain and how is it managed? Heart. 2015 Aug;101(15):1240-9. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306277. Epub 2015 Apr 16. Review. PubMed PMID: 25882503.

Mittoo S, Fell CD. Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Apr;35(2):249-54. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1371537.
Epub 2014 Mar 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 24668539.

Gafoor K, Patel S, Girvin F, Gupta N, Naidich D, Machnicki S, Brown KK, Mehta
A, Husta B, Ryu JH, Sarosi GA, Franquet T, Verschakelen J, Johkoh T, Travis W,
Raoof S. Cavitary Lung Diseases: A Clinical-Radiologic Algorithmic Approach.
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Chapter from Goldman-Cecil Medicine

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Glucose
Oxygen/C02
Toxins
Infection
Metabolic (TSH, adrenal insufficiency, TTP, cirrhosis, uremia, DKA)
Electrolytes (Na, Ca, HCO3)
Structural (CVA, bleed, seizures, ACS)

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- reliable evidence that treatment of increased IOP or early primary open-angle glaucoma has harms including local eye irritation and increased risk for cataracts
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From Disorders of Potassium Balance in Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney

From Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020

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