Internal Medicine Residency Readings: July - Dec 2015

Winger J, Michelfelder A. Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice. Prim Care. 2011 Sep;38(3):469-82; viii. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004. Review. PubMed PMID: 21872092.

Kruger D. The assessment of jaundice in adults: tests, imaging, differential diagnosis. JAAPA. 2011 Jun;24(6):44-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 21682177.

Trépo C, Chan HL, Lok A. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet. 2014 Dec 6;384(9959):2053-63. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8. Epub 2014 Jun 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 24954675.

Roberts PF, Waller TA, Brinker TM, Riffe IZ, Sayre JW, Bratton RL. Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a review article. South Med J. 2007 Aug;100(8):821-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 17713309.

Mays JW, Sarmadi M, Moutsopoulos NM. Oral manifestations of systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: diagnosis and clinical management. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012 Sep;12(3 Suppl):265-82. doi: 10.1016/S1532-3382(12)70051-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 23040353.

NIH researchers identify new gene variants associated with risk for complex inflammatory syndrome

Rabins PV, Blass DM. In the Clinic. Dementia. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Aug 5;161(3):ITC1; quiz ITC16. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-161-3-201408050-01002. PubMed PMID: 25089871.

Doerflinger, D. (2007). Mental status assessment of older adults: the Mini-Cog. Try This: Best Practices In Nursing Care To Older Adults, (3).

Mahajan R, Zachariah U. Images in clinical medicine. Wing-beating tremor. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 3;371(1):e1. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm1312190. PubMed PMID: 24

"Experimental studies have demonstrated that the infectious agent may be present in many body tissues...CSF, liver, lymph node, kidney, lung, and spleen are considered low risk because of poor success with experimental transmission and no epidemiologic evidence of infection."
From: Thomas JG, Chenoweth CE, Sullivan SE. Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease via
surgical instruments. J Clin Neurosci. 2013 Sep;20(9):1207-12. doi:
10.1016/j.jocn.2013.01.007. Epub 2013 Jul 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 23896549.

Palmer T, Toombs JD. Managing joint pain in primary care. J Am Board Fam Practice. 2004 Nov-Dec;17 Suppl:S32-42. PubMed PMID: 15575028.

Rice PA. Gonococcal arthritis (disseminated gonococcal infection). Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2005 Dec;19(4):853-61. Review. PubMed PMID: 16297736.

Morgan WC, Hodge HL. Diagnostic evaluation of dyspnea. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Feb 15;57(4):711-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 9490994

Natsis K, Piagkou M, Skotsimara A, Protogerou V, Tsitouridis I, Skandalakis P. Horseshoe kidney: a review of anatomy and pathology. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014
Aug;36(6):517-26. doi: 10.1007/s00276-013-1229-7. Epub 2013 Nov 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 24178305.

Scolari F, Ravani P. Atheroembolic renal disease. Lancet. 2010 May 8;375(9726):1650-60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62073-0. Epub 2010 Apr 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 20381857

O'Brien J, Buckley O, Doody O, Ward E, Persaud T, Torreggiani W. Imaging of horseshoe kidneys and their complications. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2008 Jun;52(3):216-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.01950.x. Review. PubMed PMID: 18477115.

Hess, D. R., & Altobelli, N. P. (2014). Tracheostomy Tubes. Respiratory Care, 59(6), 956-973. doi:10.4187/respcare.02920

Vallamkondu, V., & Visvanathan, V. (2011). Clinical review of adult tracheostomy. Journal Of Perioperative Practice, 21(5), 172-176.

Dawson D. Essential principles: tracheostomy care in the adult patient. Nurs Crit Care. 2014 Mar;19(2):63-72. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12076. PubMed PMID: 24529106.

Singh N, Fung A, Cole IE. Innominate artery hemorrhage following tracheostomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Apr;136(4 Suppl):S68-72. Review. PubMed PMID: 17398348.

Dzeshka MS, Lip GY. Antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapy for atrial
fibrillation. Cardiol Clin. 2014 Nov;32(4):585-99. doi:
10.1016/j.ccl.2014.07.009. Epub 2014 Sep 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 25443239.

Pollack CV Jr, Reilly PA, Eikelboom J, Glund S, Verhamme P, Bernstein RA,
Dubiel R, Huisman MV, Hylek EM, Kamphuisen PW, Kreuzer J, Levy JH, Sellke FW, Stangier J, Steiner T, Wang B, Kam CW, Weitz JI. Idarucizumab for Dabigatran Reversal. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 6;373(6):511-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1502000. Epub 2015 Jun 22. PubMed PMID 26095746

Yeh CH, Hogg K, Weitz JI. Overview of the new oral anticoagulants: opportunities and challenges. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 May;35(5):1056-65. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.303397. Epub 2015 Mar 19. Review. PubMed PMID: 25792448.

warfarin is reasonable for patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2 and end-stage chronic kidney disease (creatinine clearance < 15 mL/minute) or are on hemodialysis (ACC/AHA Class IIa, Level B)
treatment with reduced doses of direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban) may be considered for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease and a CHA2DS2-VASc score = 2, but safety and efficacy have not been established (ACC/AHA Class IIb, Level C)

Nable JV, Tupe CL, Gehle BD, Brady WJ. In-Flight Medical Emergencies during Commercial Travel. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 3;373(10):939-45. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1409213. Review. PubMed PMID: 26332548.

In order to relieve assisting physicians on board of any medicolegal worries that could hinder them in the provision of aid, the cabin crew often issues a declaration of assumption of liability, according to which the physician is insured for any claims arising from his or her actions on board except in the case of deliberate harm or gross negligence. This insurance is a compo- nent of the insurance of the aircraft for personal injury claims; it covers medical interventions even by persons whose medical qualifications are not generally recog- nized in the country under whose jurisdiction the aircraft or airline operates.
-covered only if no monetary or equivalent recompense accepted.

Sanofi US is voluntarily recalling all Auvi‑Q® (epinephrine injection, USP). The recall involves all Auvi‑Q currently on the market and includes both the 0.15 mg and 0.3 mg strengths for hospitals, retailers and consumers. This includes lot numbers 2081278 through 3037230, which expire October 2015 through December 2016. The products have been found to potentially have inaccurate dosage delivery, which may include failure to deliver drug.

NHLBI guideline

Fill-in-th-blank PDF

Pollart SM, Compton RM, Elward KS. Management of acute asthma exacerbations. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Jul 1;84(1):40-7. Review. PubMed.
Includes management flow chart

Postma DS, Rabe KF. The Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 24;373(13):1241-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1411863. Review. PubMed PMID: 26398072.

Pawlowski SW, Warren CA, Guerrant R. Diagnosis and treatment of acute or persistent diarrhea. Gastroenterology. 2009 May;136(6):1874-86. doi:
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.072. Epub 2009 May 7. Review. PubMed PMID: 19457416; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2723735.

Weir E. Well-water maintenance. CMAJ. 2005 May 24;172(11):1438. PubMed PMID: 15911855; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC557976.

Whitehouse T, Wendon J. Acute liver failure. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Oct;27(5):757-69. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.08.010. Epub 2013 Sep 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 24160932

Phin N, Parry-Ford F, Harrison T, Stagg HR, Zhang N, Kumar K, Lortholary O,
Zumla A, Abubakar I. Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires'
disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;14(10):1011-21. doi:
10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70713-3. Epub 2014 Jun 23. Review. PubMed PMID: 24970283.

Feinman M, Haut ER. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Surg Clin North Am. 2014 Feb;94(1):55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2013.10.005. Review. PubMed PMID: 24267497.

Prasad Kerlin M, Tokar JL. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Aug 6;159(3):ITC2-1, ITC2-2, ITC2-3, ITC2-4, ITC2-5, ITC2-6, ITC2-7, ITC2-8, ITC2-9, ITC2-10, ITC2-11, ITC2-12, ITC2-13, ITC2-14, ITC2-15; quiz ITC2-16. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-01002. Review. PubMed PMID: 23922080.

Wilkins T, Khan N, Nabh A, Schade RR. Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Mar 1;85(5):469-76. Review. PubMed PMID: 22534226.

European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) recommendations for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis in patients without gastrointestinal bleeding(6)

• in patients with severe liver disease and ascitic fluid protein level < 15 g/L, consider long-term prophylaxis with norfloxacin (EASL Strong recommendation, High-quality evidence); severe liver disease defined in the supporting trial as Child-Pugh score ≥ 9 points with serum bilirubin level ≥ 3 mg/dL (51.3 mcmol/L) or impaired renal function (serum creatinine level ≥ 1.2 mg/dL [106.1 mcmol/L], blood urea nitrogen level ≥ 25 mg/dL [8.9 mmol/L], or serum sodium level ≤ 130 mEq/L [130 mmol/L])

Fanara B, Manzon C, Barbot O, Desmettre T, Capellier G. Recommendations for the intra-hospital transport of critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2010;14(3):R87. doi: 10.1186/cc9018. Epub 2010 May 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 20470381; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2911721

Halsey NA. Discussion of Immunization Practices Advisory Committee/American
Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for universal infant hepatitis B vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 May;12(5):446-9. PubMed PMID: 8327314.

Chu C, Selwyn PA. Diagnosis and initial management of acute HIV infection. Am Fam Physician. 2010 May 15;81(10):1239-44. Review. PubMed PMID: 20507048.

Huster D. Wilson disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;24(5):531-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2010.07.014. Review. PubMed PMID: 20955957.

Trépo C, Chan HL, Lok A. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet. 2014 Dec 6;384(9959):2053-63. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8. Epub 2014 Jun 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 24954675.

Washburn LA. Altered mental status: cause determines treatment. JAAPA. 2005
Feb;18(2):16-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 15742778.

Goldstein LB, Simel DL. Is this patient having a stroke? JAMA. 2005 May 18;293(19):2391-402. Review. PubMed

Nyamweya S, Hegedus A, Jaye A, Rowland-Jones S, Flanagan KL, Macallan DC. Comparing HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection: Lessons for viral immunopathogenesis. Rev Med Virol. 2013 Jul;23(4):221-40. doi: 10.1002/rmv.1739. Epub 2013 Feb 26. Review. PubMed PMID: 23444290.

Silva MM. Neurologic complications of HIV in the HAART era: where are we? Braz J Infect Dis. 2012 Jul-Aug;16(4):373-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.06.021. Review. PubMed PMID: 22846127.

Berger JR. The clinical features of PML. Cleve Clin J Med. 2011 Nov;78 Suppl
2:S8-12. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.78.s2.03. Review. PubMed PMID: 22123935.

Irwin RS, Madison JM. The persistently troublesome cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jun 1;165(11):1469-74. Review. PubMed PMID: 12045118.

No: Dr. Churg was a Polish Jew who immigrated to the U.S. in 1936. Dr. Strauss was German, completed medical school in Italy in 1937, and immigrated to the U.S. in 1938.
de Campos, F. P. F., & Geller, S. A. (2013). Churg-Strauss Syndrome: a syndrome described on clinical observation and autopsy findings. Autopsy and Case Reports, 3(2), 1-4.

Rose DM, Hrncir DE. Primary eosinophilic lung diseases. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013 Jan-Feb;34(1):19-25. doi: 10.2500/aap.2013.34.3628. Review. PubMed PMID: 23406932.

M, Burki NK. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: a review. South Med J. 2007 Jan;100(1):49-53. Review. PubMed PMID: 17269525.

Seaman DM, Meyer CA, Kanne JP. Occupational and environmental lung disease. Clin Chest Med. 2015 Jun;36(2):249-68, viii-ix. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2015.02.008. ePub 2015 Apr 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 26024603.

albuminocytologic disassociation, which is an elevated CSF protein level greater than 0.55 g/L with normal white blood cell count (<5–10 × 106 cells/L).
Rossi R, Balagtas D, Cuccurullo S (2015). Neurorehabilitation. In Maitin I.B., Cruz E (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.

Harder N. Temporal arteritis: an approach to suspected vasculitides. Prim
Care. 2010 Dec;37(4):757-66, vi-ii. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2010.07.005. Review.
PubMed PMID: 21050956.

Ness, T., Bley, T. A., Schmidt, W. A., & Lamprecht, P. (2013). The Diagnosis and Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis. Deutsches Aerzteblatt International, 110(21), 376-386 11p. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0376

asgupta B; Giant Cell Arteritis Guideline Development Group. Concise
guidance: diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis. Clin Med. 2010
Aug;10(4):381-6. PubMed PMID: 20849016.

Wipperman J. Dizziness and vertigo. Prim Care. 2014 Mar;41(1):115-31. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.004. Review. PubMed PMID: 24439886.

Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM. Sjögren syndrome. CMAJ. 2014 Oct 21;186(15):E579-86. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.122037. Epub 2014 Feb 24. Review. PubMed PMID: 24566651; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4203623.

Koury MJ, Rhodes M. How to approach chronic anemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012:183-90. doi: 10.1182/asheducation 2012.1.183. Review. PubMed PMID: 23233579.

Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P, García-Carrasco M, Font J. Sarcoidosis or Sjögren syndrome? Clues to defining mimicry or coexistence in 59 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004 Mar;83(2):85-95. Review. PubMed PMID: 15028962.

McNamara R, Dean AJ. Approach to acute abdominal pain. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011 May;29(2):159-73, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.013. Review. PubMed PMID: 2115174.

Jasperson K, Burt RW. The Genetics of Colorectal Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015 Oct;24(4):683-703. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jul 15. Review.PubMed PMID: 26363537.

Fotiadis C, Tsekouras DK, Antonakis P, Sfiniadakis J, Genetzakis M, Zografos GC. Gardner's syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. World J Gasrtoenterol. 2005 Sep 14;11(34):5408-11. Review. PubMed PMID: 16149159.

"The sensitivity of IHC testing, regardless of the MMR gene involved, is 83% and the specificity is 89%."
Syngal S, Brand RE, Church JM, Giardiello FM, Hampel HL, Burt RW; American College of Gastroenterology. ACG clinical guideline: Genetic testing and management of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb;110(2):223-62; quiz 263. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.435. Epub 2015 Feb 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 25645574.

Mellstedt H. Clinical signs and symptoms at diagnosis and its differential diagnosis. Ann Oncol. 2007 Jan;18 Suppl 1:i14-i21. Review. PubMed PMID: 17311816.

Motyckova G, Steensma DP. Why does my patient have lymphadenopathy or
splenomegaly? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012 Apr;26(2):395-408, ix. doi:
10.1016/j.hoc.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Mar 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 22463834.

Sarno J. Prevention and management of tumor lysis syndrome in adults with malignancy. J Adv Pract Oncol. 2013 Mar;4(2):101-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 25031988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4093415.
See table 1 for prophylaxis recommendations based on risk.

Howard SC, Jones DP, Pui CH. The tumor lysis syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12;364(19):1844-54. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0904569. Review. PubMed PMID: 21561350; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3437249.

Wilkin T. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Primary Care for Men Who Have Sex with Men. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 27;373(9):854-62. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1401303. Review. PubMed PMID: 26308686.

Nusbaum MR, Hamilton CD. The proactive sexual health history. Am Fam
Physician. 2002 Nov 1;66(9):1705-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 12449269.

Hunter P, Dalby J, Marks J, Swain GR, Schrager S. Screening and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Prim Care. 2014 Jun;41(2):215-37. doi:
10.1016/j.pop.2014.02.003. Epub 2014 Mar 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 24830606.

LeFevre ML; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Chlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Dec 16;161(12):902-10. doi: 10.7326/M14-1981. PubMed PMID: 25243785.

Nable JV, Tupe CL, Gehle BD, Brady WJ. In-Flight Medical Emergencies during Commercial Travel. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 3;373(10):939-45. doi:
10.1056/NEJMra1409213. Review. PubMed PMID: 26332548.

Washburn LA. Altered mental status: cause determines treatment. JAAPA. 2005
Feb;18(2):16-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 15742778.

Weant KA, Baker SN. Review of human rabies prophylaxis and treatment. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2013 Jun;25(2):225-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2013.02.001. epub 2013 Mar 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 23692940.

Wilson MR, Roos KL. Infectious diseases and impaired consciousness. Neurol
Clin. 2011 Nov;29(4):927-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.013. PubMed PMID:
22032667.

Angus-Leppan H. First seizures in adults. BMJ. 2014 Apr 15;348:g2470. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2470. Review. Erratum in: BMJ. 2014;348:g2977. PubMed PMID: 24736280.

Mills B, Yepes A, Nugent K. Synthetic Cannabinoids. Am J Med Sci. 2015 Jul;350(1):59-62. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000466. Review. PubMed PMID: 26132518.

van Amsterdam J, Brunt T, van den Brink W. The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects. J
Psychopharmacol. 2015 Mar;29(3):254-63. doi: 10.1177/0269881114565142. Epub 2015 Jan 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 25586398.

Hess C, Stockhausen S, Kernbach-Wighton G, Madea B. Death due to diabetic
ketoacidosis: Induction by the consumption of synthetic cannabinoids? Forensic Sci Int. 2015 Aug 29. pii: S0379-0738(15)00356-4. doi:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.08.012. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26363623.

Washburn LA. Altered mental status: cause determines treatment. JAAPA. 2005
Feb;18(2):16-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 15742778.

Pavlidis N, Khaled H, Gaafar R. A mini review on cancer of unknown primary site: A clinical puzzle for the oncologists. J Adv Res. 2015 May;6(3):375-82.
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Nov 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 26257935; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4522587.

Varadhachary GR, Raber MN. Cancer of unknown primary site. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 21;371(8):757 65. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1303917. Review. PubMed PMID: 25140961.

Lin X, DeAngelis LM. Treatment of Brain Metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 17. pii: JCO.2015.60.9503. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26282648.

Salzman, B., Fleegle, S., & Tully, A. S. (2012). Common breast problems. American Family Physician, 86(4), 343-349.

Herrick C, Bahrainy S, Gill EA. Statins and the liver. Cardiol Clin. 2015 May;33(2):257-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2015.02.005. Review. PubMed PMID: 25939298.

Bernal W, Wendon J. Acute liver failure. N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2525-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1208937. Review. PubMed PMID: 24369077.

Moseley RH, Manoogian B, Shehab T, Saint S. Clinical problem-solving. An intricate interplay. N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 4;367(14):1342-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcps1011784. PubMed PMID: 23034023.

Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2015 Feb;19(1):57-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Nov 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 25454297.

Lazarus AA, Philip A. Asbestosis. Dis Mon. 2011 Jan;57(1):14-26. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.11.004. Review. PubMed PMID: 21281828.

Runfola JK, House J, Miller L, Colton L, Hite D, Hawley A, Mead P, Schriefer M, Petersen J, Casaceli C, Erlandson KM, Foster C, Pabilonia KL, Mason G, Douglas JM Jr; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreak of Human Pneumonic Plague with Dog-to-Human and Possible Human-to-Human Transmission--Colorado, June-July 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 May 1;64(16):429-34. PubMed PMID: 25928467.

Foster CL, Mould K, Reynolds P, Simonian PL, Erlandson KM. Clinical problem-solving. Sick as a dog. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 7;372(19):1845-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcps1411346. PubMed PMID: 25946284.

Ulu-Kilic A, Doganay M. An overview: tularemia and travel medicine. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014 Nov-Dec;12(6 Pt A):609-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.10.007. ePub 2014 Oct 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 25457302.

Hess, D. R., & Altobelli, N. P. (2014). Tracheostomy Tubes. Respiratory Care, 59(6), 956-973. doi:10.4187/respcare.02920

Vallamkondu, V., & Visvanathan, V. (2011). Clinical review of adult tracheostomy. Journal Of Perioperative Practice, 21(5), 172-176.

Lagambina S, Nuccio P, Weinhouse GL. Tracheostomy care: a clinician's guide.
Hosp Pract (1995). 2011 Aug;39(3):161-7. doi: 10.3810/hp.2011.08.591. Review.
PubMed PMID: 21881403.

Wahls SA. Causes and evaluation of chronic dyspnea. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jul 15;86(2):173-82. Review. PubMed PMID: 22962929.

Mandel J, Poch D. In the clinic. Pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 2013 May 7;158(9):ITC5-1 -16. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-01005. Review. PubMed PMID: 23648959.

Ahmed S, Palevsky HI. Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to connective tissue disease: a review. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014 Feb;40(1):103-24. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2013.10.001. Review. PubMed PMID: 24268012.

Hersch EC, Oh RC. Prolonged febrile illness and fever of unknown origin in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Jul 15;90(2):91-6. PubMed PMID: 25077578.

Jamilloux Y, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Henry T, Sève P. Treatment of adult-onset Still's disease: a review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014 Dec 22;11:33-43. doi:
10.2147/TCRM.S64951. eCollection 2015. Review. PubMed PMID: 25653531; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4278737.

Bell DJ. Fever in the returning traveller. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2012 Mar;42(1):43-6; quiz 46. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2012.110. Review. PubMed PMID: 22441064.

CDC (2015). Health Information for Travelers to Uganda Clinician View from Traveler's Health. Available at: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/clinician/none/uganda?s_cid=ncezid-dgmq-travel-single-002

White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Hien TT, Faiz MA, Mokuolu OA, Dondorp AM. Malaria. Lancet. 2014 Feb 22;383(9918):723-35. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60024-0. Epub 2013 Aug 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 23953767.

Johnson BA, Kalra MG. Prevention of malaria in travelers. Am Fam Physician. 2012 May 15;85(10):973-7. Erratum in: Am Fam Physician. 2012 Aug 1;86(3):222. Dosage error in article text. PubMed PMID: 22612048.

Ely JW, Osheroff JA, Chambliss ML, Ebell MH. Approach to leg edema of unclear etiology. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006 Mar-Apr;19(2):148-60. Review. Erratum in: J Am Board Fam Med. 2008 Jan-Feb;21(1):86. PubMed PMID: 16513903.

Snyder S, John JS. Workup for proteinuria. Prim Care. 2014 Dec;41(4):719-35.
doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2014.08.010. Epub 2014 Sep 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 25439530.

Perlman R.L., Heung M, Ix J.H. (2013). Renal Disease. In Hammer G.D., McPhee S.J. (Eds), Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, Seventh Edition.

Fogo AB. Causes and pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2015 Feb;11(2):76-87. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.216. Epub 2014 Dec 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 25447132.

D'Agati VD, Kaskel FJ, Falk RJ. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 22;365(25):2398-411. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1106556. Review. PubMed PMID: 22187987.

LeBlond R.F., Brown D.D., Suneja M, Szot J.F. (2015). Principles of Diagnostic Testing. In LeBlond R.F., Brown D.D., Suneja M, Szot J.F. (Eds), DeGowin’s Diagnostic Examination, 10e. Retrieved August 05, 2015 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1192&Sectionid=68671649.

Martin C (2014). Chapter 3. Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Surveillance. In Markle W.H., Fisher M.A., Smego R.A., Jr. (Eds), Understanding Global Health, 2e. Retrieved August 05, 2015 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=710&Sectionid=46796904.

MacMahon, H., Austin, J., Gamsu, G., Herold, C., Jett, J., Naidich, D., & ... Swensen, S. (2005). Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: A statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology, 237(2), 395-400

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Brewer TL, Collins M. A review of clinical manifestations in adolescent and
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Hauslohner, A. & Hermann, P. (2015). The scariest thing about synthetic drugs is everything that's unknown. Washington Post July 18, 2015.

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Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt DM, Vandvik PO, Fish J, Kovacs MJ, Svensson PJ, Veenstra DL, Crowther M, Guyatt GH; American College of Chest Physicians. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e152S-84S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2295. Review. PubMed PMID: 22315259; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3278055.

The definition of ‘correction’ varies from laboratory to laboratory because of differences in the PTT and PT methods used. Some thromboplastin reagents are more sensitive than others. Attempts to standardize across laboratories have been generally unsuccessful. Consultation with the particular laboratory involved or someone experienced in interpreting its results may be helpful, particularly when partial correction occurs.
From Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (2nd Ed)

Bel EH. Clinical Practice. Mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 8;369(6):549-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1214826. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 14;369(20):1970. PubMed PMID: 23924005.

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Recommended by Dr. Ahari
Pocket Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention (for adults and children older than 5 years)

Recommended by Dr. Ahari
Busse WW. Asthma diagnosis and treatment: filling in the information gaps. J
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Note: not available full-text; email Laura if you would like a copy.

LeBlond R.F., Brown D.D., Suneja M, Szot J.F. (2015). The Nervous System. In LeBlond R.F., Brown D.D., Suneja M, Szot J.F. (Eds), DeGowin’s Diagnostic Examination, 10e.

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Abdomen from Seidel's Guide to Physical Examination (8th Ed.)

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if risk of antibiotic resistance or if failed initial therapy, use 1 of the following(2)
high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000 mg/125 mg orally twice daily (IDSA Weak recommendation, Moderate-quality evidence)
levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily
moxifloxacin 400 mg orally once daily

Gibson AM, Sommerkamp SK. Evaluation and management of oral lesions in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2013 May;31(2):455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.004. Epub 2013 Mar 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 23601482.

Vélez NF, Saavedra-Lauzon AP. Toxic exanthems in the adult population. Am J Med. 2010 Apr;123(4):296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.09.029. Review. PubMed PMID: 20362746.

Ambrose NL, Haskard DO. Differential diagnosis and management of Behçet syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013 Feb;9(2):79-89. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.156. Epub 2012 Sep 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 23007742.

for eye involvement
treat inflammatory eye disease affecting posterior segment with regimen that includes azathioprine and systemic corticosteroids (EULAR Category Ib, Grade A/D)
if severe eye disease (defined as > 2 lines of drop in visual acuity on 10/10 scale and/or retinal disease [retinal vasculitis or macular involvement]) (EULAR Category Ib/IIb, Grade C/D)
treat with either cyclosporine A or infliximab in combination with azathioprine and corticosteroids
alternatively use interferon alfa with or without corticosteroids

Mat, M. C., Goksugur, N., Engin, B., Yurdakul, S., & Yazici, H. (2006). The frequency of scarring after genital ulcers in Behçet's syndrome: a prospective study. International Journal Of Dermatology, 45(5), 554-556.