Jan - June 2021 - Internal Medicine Residency Readings - Research Guides at George Washington University

NEJM Journal Watch

Summaries of recent studies + commentary on clinical significance.

Keeping up with new information

Learn how to use Browzine, NEJM Journal Watch, journal and database alerts, and podcasts to keep up with new medical information!

Keeping Up with Health Sciences Information

"Try to read something medical every day. This will help you to stay abreast of new developments and provide an opportunity to become reacquainted with things that you've learned and forgotten. Medicine is less about achieving mastery then it is about reinforcing old lessons. Our individual "knowledge tanks" leak information on a daily basis. There is no way to plug the hole. Instead, you must continually replenish by adding to the top."

Goldberg, C. (2018). A few thoughts before you go... Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine.

July 7, 2021

Multiple sclerosis
Reich DS, Lucchinetti CF, Calabresi PA. Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 11;378(2):169-180. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1401483. PMID: 29320652; PMCID: PMC6942519.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Feb 23;325(8):765-779. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.26858. Erratum in: JAMA. 2021 Jun 1;325(21):2211. PMID: 33620411.
Typical MRI findings CIS
Miller DH, Chard DT, Ciccarelli O. Clinically isolated syndromes. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Feb;11(2):157-69. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70274-5. PMID: 22265211.

June 11, 2021

Hypertensive Heartbreak (interactive case)
Lau ES, Vaidya A, Schaefer IM, Scirica BM. Hypertensive Heartbreak. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 27;384(21):e80. doi: 10.1056/NEJMimc2031595. PMID: 34042392.
Hypertensive Heartbreak (article)
Lau ES, Scirica B, Schaefer IM, Miller AL, Loscalzo J. Hypertensive Heartbreak. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 3;384(22):2145-2152. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcps2018493. PMID: 34077647.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Cusmà-Piccione M, Longobardo L, Oteri A, Manganaro R, Di Bella G, Carerj S, Khandheria BK, Zito C. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: queries of the current era. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2018 Nov;19(11):624-632. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000707. PMID: 30234685.
Pheochromocytoma
Neumann HPH, Young WF Jr, Eng C. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 8;381(6):552-565. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1806651. PMID: 31390501.
Cardiomyopathy: An Overview
Brieler J, Breeden MA, Tucker J. Cardiomyopathy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Nov 15;96(10):640-646. PMID: 29431384.

June 4, 2021

Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis
Pujalte GG, Albano-Aluquin SA. Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jul 1;92(1):35-41. PMID: 26132125.
An approach to joint pain and inflammatory arthropathies
Glanville JR, Higgens C, Mouyis M. An approach to joint pain and inflammatory arthropathies. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2016 Jul;77(7):C109-11. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2016.77.7.C109. PMID: 27388393.
Polyarthritis and its differential diagnosis
Alpay-Kanıtez N, Çelik S, Bes C. Polyarthritis and its differential diagnosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2018 Oct 1;6(4):167-173. doi: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2019.19145. PMID: 31657698; PMCID: PMC6812894.
Spondyloarthropathies
Ehrenfeld M. Spondyloarthropathies. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Feb;26(1):135-45. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.01.002. PMID: 22424199.

May 28, 2021

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management
Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 15;96(6):384-389. PMID: 28925645.
Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults
Nagao T, Hirokawa M. Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults. J Gen Fam Med. 2017 Apr 13;18(5):200-204. doi: 10.1002/jgf2.31. PMID: 29264027; PMCID: PMC5689413.
Note: Includes flowchart for the differential diagnosis of macrocytic anemias
Copper deficiency
Madsen E, Gitlin JD. Copper deficiency. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007 Mar;23(2):187-92. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801421bb. PMID: 17268249.
Celiac Disease
Rubin JE, Crowe SE. In the Clinic. Celiac Disease. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jan 7;172(1):ITC1-ITC16. doi: 10.7326/AITC202001070. PMID: 31905394; PMCID: PMC7707153.

May 26, 2021

How I investigate eosinophilia
Larsen, R. L., & Savage, N. M. (2019). How I investigate eosinophilia. International journal of laboratory hematology, 41(2), 153-161.
Evaluation and differential diagnosis of persistent marked eosinophilia
Curtis, C., & Ogbogu, P. U. (2015). Evaluation and differential diagnosis of persistent marked eosinophilia. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 35(3), 387-402.
Diagnosis of helminth infections
From: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (9th ed)
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Katzka DA. Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Ann Intern Med. 2020 May 5;172(9):ITC65-ITC80. doi: 10.7326/AITC202005050. PMID: 32365374.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: diagnosis and clinical perspectives
Sunkara T, Rawla P, Yarlagadda KS, Gaduputi V. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: diagnosis and clinical perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2019 Jun 5;12:239-253. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S173130. PMID: 31239747; PMCID: PMC6556468.

May 21, 2021

Encephalopathy - causes
Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2021
Infectious encephalitis: mimics and chameleons
Toledano M, Davies NWS. Infectious encephalitis: mimics and chameleons. Pract Neurol. 2019 Jun;19(3):225-237. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2018-002114. Epub 2019 Mar 16. PMID: 30878971.
Toxic encephalopathy
Dobbs MR. Toxic encephalopathy. Semin Neurol. 2011 Apr;31(2):184-93. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1277989. Epub 2011 May 17. PMID: 21590623.
Autoimmune encephalitis
Goodfellow JA, Mackay GA. Autoimmune encephalitis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2019 Dec;49(4):287-294. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2019.407. PMID: 31808454.
Autoimmune encephalitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment
Dutra LA, Abrantes F, Toso FF, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Hoftberger R. Autoimmune encephalitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2018 Jan;76(1):41-49. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20170176. PMID: 29364393.
Toxic and metabolic encephalopathies
Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related inflammatory disorders
Chwalisz BK. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related inflammatory disorders. J Neurol Sci. 2021 May 15;424:117425. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117425. Epub 2021 Mar 27. PMID: 33840507.
Primary central nervous system vasculitis
Kraemer M, Berlit P. Primary central nervous system vasculitis - An update on diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. J Neurol Sci. 2021 May 15;424:117422. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117422. Epub 2021 Mar 27. PMID: 33832773.

May 20, 2021

How we manage adults with myelodysplastic syndrome
Fenaux P, Platzbecker U, Ades L. How we manage adults with myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol. 2020 Jun;189(6):1016-1027. doi: 10.1111/bjh.16206. Epub 2019 Sep 30. PMID: 31568568.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Current Concepts and Future Prospects
Seth S, Zanwar S, Vu L, Kapoor P. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Current Concepts and Future Prospects. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2020 Apr;15(2):45-55. doi: 10.1007/s11899-020-00569-2. PMID: 32222885.
Burch-Wartofsky Point Scale
Myxedema coma
Kwaku MP, Burman KD. Myxedema coma. J Intensive Care Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;22(4):224-31. doi: 10.1177/0885066607301361. PMID: 17712058.
Thyroid Emergencies
Ylli D, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Wartofsky L. Thyroid emergencies. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2019 Aug 29;129(7-8):526-534. doi: 10.20452/pamw.14876. Epub 2019 Jun 25. Erratum in: Pol Arch Intern Med. 2019 Sep 30;129(9):653. PMID: 31237256; PMCID: PMC6721612.
Includes Diagnostic scoring system for myxedema coma - see Table 2.

May 13, 2021

Pathologic fractures - causes
Rizzo SE, Kenan S. Pathologic Fractures. 2020 Jun 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. PMID: 32644503.
"The majority of neoplastic pathologic fractures are caused secondary to metastatic disease rather than primary bone tumors...There are five recognized carcinomas that most frequently metastasize to bone, including lung, breast, thyroid, renal, and prostate."
Imaging Features and Management of Stress, Atypical, and Pathologic Fractures
Marshall RA, Mandell JC, Weaver MJ, Ferrone M, Sodickson A, Khurana B. Imaging Features and Management of Stress, Atypical, and Pathologic Fractures. Radiographics. 2018 Nov-Dec;38(7):2173-2192. doi: 10.1148/rg.2018180073. PMID: 30422769.

May 6, 2021

Listeria monocytogenes: epidemiology, human disease, and mechanisms of brain invasion
Drevets DA, Bronze MS. Listeria monocytogenes: epidemiology, human disease, and mechanisms of brain invasion. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology. 2008;53(2):151-165. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00404.x
Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations and Its Management in COVID 19 Patients
Borah H, Das S, Goswami A. Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations and Its Management in COVID 19 Patients. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Feb 17:1-4. doi: 10.1007/s12070-021-02436-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33614469; PMCID: PMC7887710.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis
Noe MH, Rosenbach M. Cutaneous sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2017 Sep;23(5):482-486. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000402. PMID: 28598873.
Lymphadenopathy
Gaddey HL, Riegel AM. Unexplained Lymphadenopathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2016 Dec 1;94(11):896-903. PMID: 27929264.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease
Perry AM, Choi SM. Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018 Nov;142(11):1341-1346. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0219-RA. PMID: 30407860.

April 30, 2021

Infections of the esophagus
Hoversten P, Kamboj AK, Katzka DA. Infections of the esophagus: an update on risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Dis Esophagus. 2018 Dec 1;31(12). doi: 10.1093/dote/doy094. PMID: 30295751.
HIV-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases
Yarchoan R, Uldrick TS. HIV-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 15;378(11):1029-1041. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1615896. PMID: 29539283; PMCID: PMC6890231.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Sehn LH, Salles G. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):842-858. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2027612. PMID: 33657296.
HIV Enteropathy
MacArthur RD, DuPont HL. Etiology and pharmacologic management of noninfectious diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Sep;55(6):860-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis544. Epub 2012 Jun 14. PMID: 22700829.
Human intestinal spirochetosis
Tsinganou E, Gebbers JO. Human intestinal spirochetosis--a review. Ger Med Sci. 2010 Jan 7;8:Doc01. doi: 10.3205/000090. PMID: 20200654; PMCID: PMC2830567.
Anal cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia screening
Leeds IL, Fang SH. Anal cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia screening: A review. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2016 Jan 27;8(1):41-51. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i1.41. PMID: 26843912; PMCID: PMC4724586.

April 29, 2021

Altered mental status in HIV-infected patients
Ho EL, Jay CA. Altered mental status in HIV-infected patients. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010 May;28(2):311-23, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2010.01.012. PMID: 20413014.
Evidence-Based Approach to Palpitations
Weinstock C, Wagner H, Snuckel M, Katz M. Evidence-Based Approach to Palpitations. Med Clin North Am. 2021 Jan;105(1):93-106. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.09.004. PMID: 33246525.
Pheochromocytoma
Neumann HPH, Young WF Jr, Eng C. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 8;381(6):552-565. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1806651. PMID: 31390501.
Adrenal Incidentaloma
Kebebew E. Adrenal Incidentaloma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 22;384(16):1542-1551. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp2031112. PMID: 33882207.
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review on the Evaluation and Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in an Adult: a Practical Approach
Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Bancos I, Hamrahian A, Habra M, Vaidya A, Levine AC, Else T. ne AC, Else T. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review on the Evaluation and Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in an Adult: a Practical Approach. Endocr Pract. 2020 Nov;26(11):1366-1383. doi: 10.4158/DSCR-2020-0567. Epub 2020 Dec 14. PMID: 33875173; PMCID: PMC8058447.v

April 23, 2021

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke
Mendelson SJ, Prabhakaran S. Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Mar 16;325(11):1088-1098. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.26867. PMID: 33724327.
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Powers WJ. Acute Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 16;383(3):252-260. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1917030. PMID: 32668115.
Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis
Salvarani C, Brown RD Jr, Hunder GG. Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis. Lancet. 2012 Aug 25;380(9843):767-77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60069-5. Epub 2012 May 9. PMID: 22575778.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Griffin G, Shenoi S, Hughes GC. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: An update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Aug;34(4):101515. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101515. Epub 2020 May 7. PMID: 32387063.
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Ponzoni M, Campo E, Nakamura S. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: a chameleon with multiple faces and many masks. Blood. 2018 Oct 11;132(15):1561-1567. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-04-737445. Epub 2018 Aug 15. PMID: 30111607.
American Stroke Association: Cryptogenic Stroke
American Stroke Association (2019). UNDERSTANDING DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CRYPTOGENIC STROKE. Retrieved from: https://www.stroke.org

April 22, 2021

Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Mucormycosis
Skiada A, Pavleas I, Drogari-Apiranthitou M. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Mucormycosis: An Update. J Fungi (Basel). 2020 Nov 2;6(4):265. doi: 10.3390/jof6040265. PMID: 33147877; PMCID: PMC7711598.
Orbital cellulitis
Tsirouki T, Dastiridou AI, Ibánez Flores N, Cerpa JC, Moschos MM, Brazitikos P, Androudi S. Orbital cellulitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul-Aug;63(4):534-553. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.12.001. Epub 2017 Dec 15. PMID: 29248536.
CLINICAL PRACTICE. Acute Sinusitis in Adults
Rosenfeld RM. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Acute Sinusitis in Adults. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 8;375(10):962-70. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1601749. PMID: 27602668.
In The Clinic: Hyponatremia
Henry DA. In The Clinic: Hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Aug 4;163(3):ITC1-19. doi: 10.7326/AITC201508040. PMID: 26237763.
Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders: hyponatremia and hypernatremia
Used in presentation: Figure 1. Algorithm for the evaluation of hyponatremia
Braun MM, Barstow CH, Pyzocha NJ. Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders: hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Mar 1;91(5):299-307. PMID: 25822386.
SIADH
Mentrasti G, Scortichini L, Torniai M, Giampieri R, Morgese F, Rinaldi S, Berardi R. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH): Optimal Management. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020 Jul 24;16:663-672. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S206066. PMID: 32801723; PMCID: PMC7386802.

April 7, 2021

Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach
Metz A, Hebbard G. Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach. Aust Fam Physician. 2007 Sep;36(9):688-92. PMID: 17885699.
Evaluation of nausea and vomiting: a case-based approach
Anderson WD 3rd, Strayer SM. Evaluation of nausea and vomiting: a case-based approach. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Sep 15;88(6):371-9. Erratum in: Am Fam Physician. 2013 Dec 1;88(11):728. Erratum in: Am Fam Physician. 2014 Feb 1;89(3):152. PMID: 24134044.
Hemosuccus pancreaticus: A mini-review
Yu P, Gong J. Hemosuccus pancreaticus: A mini-review. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2018 Mar 9;28:45-48. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.03.002. PMID: 29744052; PMCID: PMC5938526.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: classical considerations and current controversies
Epelboym I, Mazeh H. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: classical considerations and current controversies. Oncologist. 2014 Jan;19(1):44-50. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0369. Epub 2013 Dec 6. PMID: 24319020; PMCID: PMC3903066.
Clinical aspects of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Al-Salameh A, Cadiot G, Calender A, Goudet P, Chanson P. Clinical aspects of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021 Apr;17(4):207-224. doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00468-3. Epub 2021 Feb 9. PMID: 33564173.

March 25, 2021

Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis
Pujalte GG, Albano-Aluquin SA. Differential Diagnosis of Polyarticular Arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Jul 1;92(1):35-41. PMID: 26132125.
Different strategies for pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for lower-limb immobilisation after injury: systematic review and economic evaluation
Pandor A, Horner D, Davis S, et al. Different strategies for pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for lower-limb immobilisation after injury: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2019;23(63):1-190. doi:10.3310/hta23630

March 19, 2021

Clinico-haematological profile of patients with bicytopenia
Singh A, Hungund B, Kumar L, Pattanshetti M. Clinico-haematological profile of patients with bicytopenia. Pathology. 2018 Aug;50(5):540-548. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.03.008. Epub 2018 Jul 4. PMID: 30032928.
Neutropenic Fever
White L, Ybarra M. Neutropenic Fever. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2017 Dec;31(6):981-993. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.004. PMID: 29078933.
Solid Tumors of the Mediastinum in Adults
Azizad S, Sannananja B, Restrepo CS. Solid Tumors of the Mediastinum in Adults. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2016 Jun;37(3):196-211. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 9. PMID: 27261345.
Dengue infection
Guzman MG, Gubler DJ, Izquierdo A, Martinez E, Halstead SB. Dengue infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Aug 18;2:16055. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.55. PMID: 27534439.

March 12, 2021

Narrative review: the emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension
Sowers JR, Whaley-Connell A, Epstein M. Narrative review: the emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(11):776-783. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-11-200906020-00005
Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial
Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, et al. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet. 2015;386(10008):2059-2068. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00257-3
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modifcations in Lowering SBP
see Table 1.

March 10, 2021

Coagulation cascade
Johari V, Loke C. Brief overview of the coagulation cascade. Dis Mon. 2012 Aug;58(8):421-3. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2012.04.004. Review. PubMed PMID: 22818555.
An algorithmic approach to coagulation testing
Klein K, Hartman SK, Teruya J, Hui SK. An algorithmic approach to coagulation testing. Dis Mon. 2012 Aug;58(8):431-9. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2012.04.006. PMID: 22818557.
Coagulation Testing in the Core Laboratory
Winter WE, Flax SD, Harris NS. Coagulation Testing in the Core Laboratory. Lab Med. 2017 Nov 8;48(4):295-313. doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmx050. PMID: 29126301.
Von Willebrand's Disease
Leebeek FW, Eikenboom JC. Von Willebrand's Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 24;375(21):2067-2080. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1601561. PMID: 27959741.

March 5, 2021

Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections
Stevens DL, Bryant AE. Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections. N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 7;377(23):2253-2265. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1600673. PMID: 29211672.
A contemporary update on Fournier's gangrene
Hagedorn JC, Wessells H. A contemporary update on Fournier's gangrene. Nat Rev Urol. 2017 Apr;14(4):205-214. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.243. Epub 2016 Dec 13. PMID: 27958393.

March 3, 2021

Review of Biguanide (Metformin) Toxicity
Wang GS, Hoyte C. Review of Biguanide (Metformin) Toxicity. J Intensive Care Med. 2019 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):863-876. doi: 10.1177/0885066618793385. Epub 2018 Aug 21. PMID: 30126348.
American Diabetes Association 2021 Guidelines
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Moving towards a new paradigm
Lalau JD, Kajbaf F, Protti A, Christensen MM, De Broe ME, Wiernsperger N. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Moving towards a new paradigm. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Nov;19(11):1502-1512. doi: 10.1111/dom.12974. Epub 2017 Jul 11. PMID: 28417525.
Mortality rate in so-called “metformin-associated lactic acidosis”: a review of the data since the 1960s
Kajbaf F, Lalau JD. Mortality rate in so-called “metformin-associated
lactic acidosis”: a review of the data since the 1960s. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014;23:1123-1127.
Euglycemic Ketoacidosis
Bonora BM, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Euglycemic Ketoacidosis. Curr Diab Rep. 2020 May 19;20(7):25. doi: 10.1007/s11892-020-01307-x. PMID: 32424730.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Storgaard H, Cold F, Gluud LL, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Jun;19(6):906-908. doi: 10.1111/dom.12885. Epub 2017 Mar 17. PMID: 28105738.
Inpatient OHA Management
Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, Umpierrez GE. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):174-188. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30381-8. Epub 2021 Jan 27. PMID: 33515493.
Debate on Insulin vs Non-insulin Use in the Hospital Setting-Is It Time to Revise the Guidelines for the Management of Inpatient Diabetes?
Pasquel FJ, Fayfman M, Umpierrez GE. Debate on Insulin vs Non-insulin Use in the Hospital Setting-Is It Time to Revise the Guidelines for the Management of Inpatient Diabetes? Curr Diab Rep. 2019 Jul 29;19(9):65. doi: 10.1007/s11892-019-1184-8. PMID: 31353426.
Insight Into the Perioperative Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Zaidi SO, Khan Y, Razak BS, Malik BH. Insight Into the Perioperative Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Cureus. 2020 Feb 4;12(2):e6878. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6878. PMID: 32190441; PMCID: PMC7058399.

February 25, 2021

Erythrodermic psoriasis
Rosenbach M, Hsu S, Korman NJ, et al. Treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis: from the medical board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(4):655-662. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.048
Erythroderma
Cuellar-Barboza A, Ocampo-Candiani J, Herz-Ruelas ME. A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Erythroderma. Eritrodermia en el adulto: un enfoque práctico para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109(9):777-790. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2018.05.011

February 18, 2021

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (includes diagnostic images)
Costabel U, Miyazaki Y, Pardo A, Koschel D, Bonella F, Spagnolo P, Guzman J, Ryerson CJ, Selman M. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Aug 6;6(1):65. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0191-z. PMID: 32764620.
Why factor XI deficiency is a clinical concern
Wheeler AP, Gailani D. Why factor XI deficiency is a clinical concern. Expert Rev Hematol. 2016 Jul;9(7):629-37. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1191944. Epub 2016 Jun 24. PMID: 27216469; PMCID: PMC4950943.
Congenital factor XI deficiency: an update
Duga S, Salomon O. Congenital factor XI deficiency: an update. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2013 Sep;39(6):621-31. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1353420. Epub 2013 Aug 8. PMID: 23929304.

February 11, 2021

Hemolytic Anemia
Phillips J, Henderson AC. Hemolytic Anemia: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Sep 15;98(6):354-361. PMID: 30215915.
Renal artery stenosis
Colbert GB, Abra G, Lerma EV. Update and review of renal artery stenosis. Dis Mon. 2020 Dec 7:101118. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101118. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33303204.

February 4, 2020

Accidental hypothermia
Brown DJ, Brugger H, Boyd J, Paal P. Accidental hypothermia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov 15;367(20):1930-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1114208. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 24;368(4):394. PMID: 23150960.

Hypothermia Hotlines

If you see someone out in the cold:

DC: 800-535-7252
Arlington: 703-228-7395

February 1, 2020

Journal Club: Controlled Trial of Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed for Mild Asthma
Beasley R, Holliday M, Reddel HK, BraithwaiBeasley R, Holliday M, Reddel HK, Braithwaite I, Ebmeier S, Hancox RJ, Harrison T, Houghton C, Oldfield K, Papi A, Pavord ID, Williams M, Weatherall M; Novel START Study Team. Controlled Trial of Budesonide-Formoterol as Needed for Mild Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 23;380(21):2020-2030. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901963. Epub 2019 May 19. PMID: 31112386.. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 23;380(21):2020-2030. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1901963. Epub 2019 May 19. PMID: 31112386.
Asthma - clinical review
Tripple JW, Ameredes BT, Calhoun WJ. Outpatient Management of Chronic Asthma in 2020. JAMA. 2020 Feb 11;323(6):561-562. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.19986. PMID: 32044930.
Managing Asthma in Adolescents and Adults: 2020 Asthma Guideline Update From the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program
Cloutier MM, Dixon AE, Krishnan JA, Lemanske RF Jr, Pace W, Schatz M. Managing Asthma in Adolescents and Adults: 2020 Asthma Guideline Update From the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. JAMA. 2020 Dec 8;324(22):2301-2317. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.21974. PMID: 33270095.

January 28, 2021

Late graft failure in heart transplant recipients
López-Sainz Á, Barge-Caballero E, Barge-Caballero G, Couto-Mallón D, Paniagua-Martin MJ, Seoane-Quiroga L, Iglesias-Gil C, Herrera-Noreña JM, Cuenca-Castillo JJ, Vázquez-Rodríguez JM, Crespo-Leiro MG. Late graft failure in heart transplant recipients: incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018 Feb;20(2):385-394. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.886. Epub 2017 Jun 5. PMID: 28580728.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Sultan S, Malhotra A. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Jun 6;166(11):ITC81-ITC96. doi: 10.7326/AITC201706060. PMID: 28586906.
Colon Ischemia: An Update for Clinicians
Cotter TG, Bledsoe AC, Sweetser S. Colon Ischemia: An Update for Clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016 May;91(5):671-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.02.006. PMID: 27150214.
Ischemic Colitis as a Complication of Medication Use (Alosetron)
Bielefeldt K. Ischemic Colitis as a Complication of Medication Use: An Analysis of the Federal Adverse Event Reporting System. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 Sep;61(9):2655-65. doi: 10.1007/s10620-016-4162-x. Epub 2016 Apr 12. PMID: 27073073.

January 15, 2020

Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Kikano GE, Fabien A, Schilz R. Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Dec 15;92(12):1084-91. PMID: 26760594.
Patient-Centered, Guideline-Concordant Discussion and Management of Pulmonary Nodules
Wiener DC, Wiener RS. Patient-Centered, Guideline-Concordant Discussion and Management of Pulmonary Nodules. Chest. 2020 Jul;158(1):416-422. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.007. Epub 2020 Feb 17. PMID: 32081651.
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Risk (Mayo Clinic model)
Based on: Swensen SJ, Silverstein MD, Ilstrup DM, et al. The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Apr 28;157(8):849-55.
Lung‐RADS® Version 1.1 Assessment Categories Release date: 2019
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Duma N, Santana-Davila R, Molina JR. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(8):1623–1640. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.013
Small-cell lung cancer
Rudin CM, Brambilla E, Faivre-Finn C, Sage J. Small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Jan 14;7(1):3. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00235-0. PMID: 33446664; PMCID: PMC8177722.

January 14, 2021

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Kremer Hovinga JA, Coppo P, Lämmle B, Moake JL, Miyata T, Vanhoorelbeke K. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Apr 6;3:17020. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.20. PMID: 28382967.

January 13, 2021

A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Encephalopathy
Erkkinen MG, Berkowitz AL. A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Encephalopathy. Am J Med. 2019 Oct;132(10):1142-1147. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 19. PMID: 31330129.
Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis: A practical approach
Venkatesan A, Geocadin RG. Diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis: A practical approach. Neurol Clin Pract. 2014 Jun;4(3):206-215. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000036. PMID: 25110619; PMCID: PMC4121461.
See Table 1: Diagnostic Criteria for Encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis
Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, Benseler S, Bien CG, Cellucci T, Cortese I, Dale RC, Gelfand JM, Geschwind M, Glaser CA, Honnorat J, Höftberger R, Iizuka T, Irani SR, Lancaster E, Leypoldt F, Prüss H, Rae-Grant A, Reindl M, Rosenfeld MR, Rostásy K, Saiz A, Venkatesan A, Vincent A, Wandinger KP, Waters P, Dalmau J. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Apr;15(4):391-404. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00401-9. Epub 2016 Feb 20. PMID: 26906964; PMCID: PMC5066574.
Autoimmune encephalitis (includes typical presentations)
Goodfellow JA, Mackay GA. Autoimmune encephalitis. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2019 Dec;49(4):287-294. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2019.407. PMID: 31808454.
CNS Vasculitis: an Approach to Differential Diagnosis and Management
Byram K, Hajj-Ali RA, Calabrese L. CNS Vasculitis: an Approach to Differential Diagnosis and Management. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018 May 30;20(7):37. doi: 10.1007/s11926-018-0747-z. PMID: 29846828.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: recent developments
Mackenzie G, Will R. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: recent developments. F1000Res. 2017 Nov 27;6:2053. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12681.1. PMID: 29225787; PMCID: PMC5710312.
In the Clinic: Delirium
Mattison MLP. In the Clinic: Delirium. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Oct 6;173(7):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC202010060. PMID: 33017552.
Vascular disease in cocaine addiction
Bachi K, Mani V, Jeyachandran D, Fayad ZA, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N. Vascular disease in cocaine addiction. Atherosclerosis. 2017 Jul;262:154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.019. Epub 2017 Mar 14. PMID: 28363516; PMCID: PMC5757372.
Full Recovery From Cocaine-Induced Toxic Leukoencephalopathy
Mader EC Jr, Ramos AB, Cruz RA, Branch LA. Full Recovery From Cocaine-Induced Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Emphasizing the Role of Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2019 Jan-Dec;7:2324709619868266. doi: 10.1177/2324709619868266. PMID: 31409155; PMCID: PMC6696843.

January 8, 2020

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): What pathologists should know
Nelson AM, Manabe YC, Lucas SB. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): What pathologists should know. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2017 Jul;34(4):340-351. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.010. Epub 2017 Apr 26. PMID: 28552210.
Paradoxical Reactions and the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Church LWP, Chopra A, Judson MA. Paradoxical Reactions and the Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Microbiol Spectr. 2017 Mar;5(2). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0033-2016. PMID: 28303782.
HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Bowen LN, Smith B, Reich D, Quezado M, Nath A. HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016 Oct 27;12(11):662-674. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.149. PMID: 27786246.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in HIV and Non-HIV Individuals
Munro M, Yadavalli T, Fonteh C, Arfeen S, Lobo-Chan AM. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in HIV and Non-HIV Individuals. Microorganisms. 2019 Dec 28;8(1):55. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8010055. PMID: 31905656; PMCID: PMC7022607.

Internal Medicine Residency Readings: Jan - June 2021