Internal Medicine Residency Readings: Jan - June 2016

Veyradier, A. (2016). Von Willebrand Factor—A New Target for TTP Treatment?. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(6), 583-585.

Said A, Haddad RY, Stein R, Lerma EV. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Dis Mon. 2014 Oct;60(10):500-4. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Sep 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 25278278.

Vaglio A, Moosig F, Zwerina J. Churg-Strauss syndrome: update on pathophysiology and treatment. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;24(1):24-30. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834d85ce. Review. PubMed PMID: 22089097.

West SC, Arulkumaran N, Ind PW, Pusey CD. Pulmonary-renal syndrome: a life threatening but treatable condition. Postgrad Med J. 2013 May;89(1051):274-83. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131416. Epub 2013 Jan 24. Review. PubMed PMID: 23349383.

Chadban SJ, Atkins RC. Glomerulonephritis. Lancet. 2005 May 21-27;365(9473):1797-806. Review. PubMed PMID: 15910953.

Comarmond C, Cacoub P. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener): clinical aspects and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Nov;13(11):1121-5. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.017. Epub 2014 Aug 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 25149391.

Izikson L, English JC 3rd, Zirwas MJ. The flushing patient: differential diagnosis, workup, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Aug;55(2):193-208. Review. PubMed PMID: 16844500.

İkizoğlu G. Red face revisited: Flushing. Clin Dermatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):800-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.019. Epub 2014 Mar 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25441473.

Gülen T, Hägglund H, Dahlén B, Nilsson G. Mastocytosis: the puzzling clinical spectrum and challenging diagnostic aspects of an enigmatic disease. J Intern Med. 2016 Mar;279(3):211-28. doi: 10.1111/joim.12410. Epub 2015 Sep 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 26347286.

Theoharides TC, Valent P, Akin C. Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, and Related Disorders. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 9;373(2):163-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1409760. Review. PubMed PMID: 26154789.

Joshi SG, Cho TA. Pathophysiological mechanisms of headache in patients with HIV. Headache. 2014 May;54(5):946-50. doi: 10.1111/head.12356. Epub 2014 Apr 15. Review. Erratum in: Headache. 2014 Jul Aug;54(7):1271. PubMed PMID: 24735239.

Sheikh HU, Cho TA. Clinical aspects of headache in HIV. Headache. 2014 May;54(5):939-45. doi: 10.1111/head.12357. epub 2014 Apr 17. Review. PubMed PMID:
24750042.

Gullo FP, Rossi SA, Sardi Jde C, Teodoro VL, Mendes-Giannini MJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Cryptococcosis: epidemiology, fungal resistance, and new alternatives for treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 Nov;32(11):1377-91. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1915-8. Epub 2013 Jul 4. Review. PubMed PMID: 24141976

O'Keefe KP, Sanson TG. Elderly patients with altered mental status. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1998 Nov;16(4):701-15, v. Review. PubMed PMID: 9889736.

Sepsis or Substrates (abnormal Glucose, Thiamine deficiency)
Meningitis or Mental Illness (acute Psychosis)
Accident (Head Trauma, CVA) or Alcohol Intoxication or withdrawal
Seizing or Stimulants
Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Hypercarbia or Hypotension, Hypothyroidism, Hypoxia
Electrolytes (Sodium, Hypercalcemia) or Encephalopathy
Drugs (Drug Withdrawal, Carbon Monoxide, Lithium, steroids, Salicylates...)

Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S. Sick sinus syndrome: a review. Am Fam Physician. 2013 May 15;87(10):691-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 23939447.

From Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside (Sixth Edition)

Hale N, Paauw DS. Diagnosis and treatment of headache in the ambulatory care setting: a review of classic presentations and new considerations in diagnosis and management. Med Clin North Am. 2014 May;98(3):505-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Mar 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 24758958.

Pulsatile quality of headache
One-day duration (four to 72 hours)
Unilateral location
Nausea or vomiting
Disabling intensity

P photo/photophobia
I Incapacitating
N Nausea

Starling AJ, Dodick DW. Best practices for patients with chronic migraine: burden, diagnosis, and management in primary care. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 Mar;90(3):408-14. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.010. Review. PubMed PMID: 25744118.

From DynaMed:
there is no commonly accepted indication for starting prophylactic treatment, but should be considered when
- quality of life, business duties, or school attendance are severely impaired
- frequency of attacks ≥ 2 per month
- migraine attacks do not respond to acute drug treatment
- frequent, very long, or uncomfortable auras occur

Roceanu A, Antochi F, Bajenaru O. Chronic migraine - new treatment options. Maedica (Buchar). 2014 Dec;9(4):401-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 25705314; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4316889.

Barbanti P, Egeo G, Aurilia C, Fofi L. Treatment of tension-type headache: from old myths to modern concepts. Neurol Sci. 2014 May;35 Suppl 1:17-21. doi: 10.1007/s10072-014-1735-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 24867829.

Freitag F. Managing and treating tension-type headache. Med Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;97(2):281-92. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.003. Epub 2012 Dec 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 23419626.

Tepper DE. Cluster headache. Headache. 2015 May;55(5):757-8. doi:
10.1111/head.12574. PubMed PMID: 25989208.

Miller S, Matharu MS. Managing patients with cluster headache in primary care. Practitioner. 2013 Sep;257(1764):15-20, 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 24383152.

Lester MS, Liu BP. Imaging in the evaluation of headache. Med Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;97(2):243-65. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.11.004. Epub 2012 Dec 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 23419624.

Pomeroy JL, Nahas SJ. SUNCT/SUNA: A Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015 Aug;19(8):38. doi: 10.1007/s11916-015-0511-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 26092511.

Charlson RW, Robbins MS. Hemicrania continua. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014 Mar;14(3):436. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0436 2. Review. PubMed PMID 24452694

Mansoor AM, Karlapudi SP. Images in clinical medicine. Kussmaul's sign. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 8;372(2):e3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm1310957. PubMed PMID: 25564921.

Hamzaoui O, Monnet X, Teboul JL. Pulsus paradoxus. Eur Respir J. 2013 Dec;42(6):1696-705. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00138912. Epub 2012 Dec 6. Review. PubMed PMID: 23222878.

Thiele H, Ohman EM, Desch S, Eitel I, de Waha S. Management of cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2015 May 21;36(20):1223-30. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv051. Epub 2015 Mar 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25732762

Bajaj A, Sethi A, Rathor P, Suppogu N, Sethi A. Acute Complications of Myocardial Infarction in the Current Era: Diagnosis and Management. J Investig Med. 2015 Oct;63(7):844-55. doi: 10.1097/JIM.0000000000000232. Review. PubMed PMID: 26295381.

Wilansky S, Moreno CA, Lester SJ. Complications of myocardial infarction. Crit Care Med. 2007 Aug;35(8 Suppl):S348-54. Review. PubMed PMID: 17667459.

Harder N. Temporal arteritis: an approach to suspected vasculitides. Prim Care. 2010 Dec;37(4):757-66, vi-ii. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2010.07.005. Review. PubMed PMID: 21050956.

The ABCD2 score was developed to help physicians risk stratify patients presenting with a TIA for how likely they are to suffer a subsequent stroke.

Waldman CW, Waldman SD, Waldman RA. Giant cell arteritis. Med Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;97(2):329-35. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 23419630.

Avegno J, Carlisle M. Evaluating the Patient with Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016 May;34(2):211-28. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2015.12.011. Review. PubMed PMID: 27133241.

Westbrook RH, Dusheiko G, Williamson C. Pregnancy and liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016 Apr;64(4):933-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.030. Epub 2015 Nov 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 26658682.

Geenes V, Williamson C. Liver disease in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 Jul;29(5):612-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.003. Epub 2015 Apr 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 25982587.

13% rate of recurrent HELLP syndrome in women with prior HELLP syndrome
Leeners B, Neumaier-Wagner PM, Kuse S, Mütze S, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Zerres K, Rath W. Recurrence risks of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy after HELLP syndrome. J Perinat Med. 2011 Nov;39(6):673-8. doi: 10.1515/JPM.2011.081. Epub 2011 Aug 2. PubMed PMID: 21809897.

Rac MW, Sheffield JS. Prevention and management of viral hepatitis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014 Dec;41(4):573-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Nov 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 25454991.

Zimmerman JL, Shen MC. Rhabdomyolysis. Chest. 2013 Sep;144(3):1058-65. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2016. Review. PubMed PMID: 24008958.

Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g1626. PubMed PMID: 24554467.

Caldwell, S. H., Henry, Z., & Intagliata, N. Coagulation Disorders and Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis.

Adewoyin AS, Nwogoh B. Peripheral blood film - a review. Ann Ib Postgrad Med.
2014 Dec;12(2):71-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 25960697; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC4415389.

The Peripheral Blood Smear from Cecil's Goldman Medicine

Dzieczkowski J.S., Anderson K.C. (2015). Transfusion Biology and Therapy. In Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e. Retrieved May 09, 2016 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1130&Sectionid=79732248.

Dhaliwal G, Cornett PA, Tierney LM Jr. Hemolytic anemia. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jun 1;69(11):2599-606. Review. PubMed PMID: 15202694.

George A.L., Jr., Neilson E.G. (2015). Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney. In Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e. Retrieved May 04, 2016 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1130&Sectionid=79746295.

Henry DA. In The Clinic: Hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Aug 4;163(3):ITC1-19. doi: 10.7326/AITC201508040. Review. PubMed PMID: 26237763.

Esposito P, Piotti G, Bianzina S, Malul Y, Dal Canton A. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: pathophysiology, clinical management and new therapeutic options. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;119(1):c62-73; discussion c73. doi: 10.1159/000324653. Epub 2011 Jun 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 21677440.

Peri A. Clinical review: the use of vaptans in clinical endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Apr;98(4):1321-32. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-4082. Epub 2013 Feb 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 23401044.

Seneviratne U. Management of the first seizure: an evidence based approach. Postgrad Med J. 2009 Dec;85(1010):667-73. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2009.082883. Review. PubMed PMID: 20075405.

Feen ES, Bershad EM, Suarez JI. Status epilepticus. South Med J. 2008 Apr;101(4):400-6. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31816852b0. Review. PubMed PMID:18360338.

Glimaker M, Johansson B, Bell M, Ericsson M, Bläckberg J, Brink M, Lindquist L, Sjölin J. Early lumbar puncture in adult bacterial meningitis--rationale for revised guidelines. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;45(9):657-63. doi:
10.3109/00365548.2013.799289. Epub 2013 Jul 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 23808722.

Hambleton S, Steinberg SP, Larussa PS, Shapiro ED, Gershon AA. Risk of herpes zoster in adults immunized with varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 1;197 Suppl 2:S196-9. doi: 10.1086/522131. PubMed PMID: 18419397.

Kennedy PG. Issues in the Treatment of Neurological Conditions Caused by Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Neurotherapeutics. 2016 Mar 31. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 27032406.

Smith JN, Negrelli JM, Manek MB, Hawes EM, Viera AJ. Diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndrome: an evidence-based update. J Am Board Fam Med. 2015 Mar-Apr;28(2):283-93. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.02.140189. Review. PubMed PMID: 25748771.

Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN. Systemic amyloidosis. Lancet. 2015 Dec 21. pii: S0140-6736(15)01274-X. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01274-X. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 26719234.

Kuchynka P, Palecek T, Masek M, Cerny V, Lambert L, Vitkova I, Linhart A. Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Eosinophilic Myocarditis. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2829583. doi: 10.1155/2016/2829583. Epub 2016 Jan 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 26885504; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4738989.

Selva-O'Callaghan A, Trallero-Araguás E, Grau JM. Eosinophilic myositis: an updated review. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):375-8. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.018. Epub 2014 Jan 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 24424174.

Glimåker M, Johansson B, Bell M, Ericsson M, Bläckberg J, Brink M, Lindquist L, Sjölin J. Early lumbar puncture in adult bacterial meningitis--rationale for revised guidelines. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;45(9):657-63. doi:
10.3109/00365548.2013.799289. Epub 2013 Jul 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 23808722.

West N.E., Lechtzin N (2012). Chapter 93. Hypoxia. In McKean S.C., Ross J.J., Dressler D.D., Brotman D.J., Ginsberg J.S. (Eds), Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine. Retrieved April 20, 2016 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=496&Sectionid=41304065.

Wemple M, Benditt J.O. (2015). Oxygen Therapy and Toxicity. In Grippi M.A., Elias J.A., Fishman J.A., Kotloff R.M., Pack A.I., Senior R.M., Siegel M.D. (Eds), Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, Fifth Edition. Retrieved April 20, 2016 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1344&Sectionid=81209043.
Note: Recommend “Techniques of Oxygen Administration” section

Wu PE, Juurlink DN. Carbon monoxide poisoning. CMAJ. 2014 May 13;186(8):611. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.130972. Epub 2014 Jan 6. Review. PubMed PMID: 24396094; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4016057.

Guzman JA. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Crit Care Clin. 2012 Oct;28(4):537-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.007. Review. PubMed PMID: 22998990.

Saguil A, Fargo M. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Feb 15;85(4):352-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 22335314.

Hainer BL, Matheson EM. Approach to acute headache in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2013 May 15;87(10):682-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 23939446.

Forbes RB. Acute headache. Ulster Med J. 2014 Jan;83(1):3-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 24757261; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3992086.

Lee BE, Davies HD. Aseptic meningitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007 Jun;20(3):272-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 17471037.

Stone SC, Kassinove AS. Exposure to patients with meningococcal disease on aircraft--United States, 1999-2001. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Nov;38(5):598-9. PubMed PMID: 11679877.

Sarkar S, Amelung PJ. Evaluation of the dyspneic patient in the office. Prim Care. 2006 Sep;33(3):643-57. Review. PubMed PMID: 17088153.

Ahmed R, Qureshi NR, Rintoul RC. Investigation and management of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Clin Med (Lond). 2013 Dec;13 Suppl 6:s36-40. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-6-s36. PubMed

Blackmon SH, Feinglass SR. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for lung cancer screening. Thorac Surg Clin. 2015 May;25(2):199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2014.12.004. Epub 2015 Feb 10. Review. PubMed PMID: 25901563.

Burman KD, Wartofsky L. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Thyroid Nodules. N Engl J Med. 2015 Dec 10;373(24):2347-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1415786. Review. PubMed PMID: 26650154.

Catalano C, Fraioli F, Laghi A, Napoli A, Pediconi F, Danti M, Nardis P, Passariello R. High-resolution multidetector CT in the preoperative evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003 May;180(5):1271-7. PubMed PMID: 12704036

Arnaldi G, Boscaro M. Adrenal incidentaloma. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;26(4):405-19. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.12.006. Epub 2012 May 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 22863384

Walsh K, Hoffmayer K, Hamdan MH. Syncope: diagnosis and management. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2015 Feb;40(2):51-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2014.11.001. Epub 2014 Nov 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 25686850.

Koury MJ, Rhodes M. How to approach chronic anemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012:183-90. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.183. Review. PubMed PMID: 23233579.

Leach M. Interpretation of the full blood count in systemic disease--a guide for the physician. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2014;44(1):36-41. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2014.109. Review. PubMed PMID: 24995446.

Srygley FD, Gerardo CJ, Tran T, Fisher DA. Does this patient have a severe upper gastrointestinal bleed? JAMA. 2012 Mar 14;307(10):1072-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.253. Review. PubMed PMID: 22416103

Clinical reference tools including Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, Fitzpatrick's Clinical Dermatology, Diagnosaurus 2.0, and Pocket Guide to Diagnostics Tests.

Lee A. Skin manifestations of systemic disease. Aust Fam Physician. 2009 Jul;38(7):498-505. Review. PubMed PMID: 19575068.

Patel LM, Lambert PJ, Gagna CE, Maghari A, Lambert WC. Cutaneous signs of
systemic disease. Clin Dermatol. 2011 Sep-Oct;29(5):511-22. doi:
10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.01.019. PubMed PMID: 21855727.

Holmes RP, Assimos DG. The impact of dietary oxalate on kidney stone formation. Urol Res. 2004 Oct;32(5):311-6. Epub 2004 Jun 17. Review. PubMed PMID: 15221245.

Kazi SN, Benz RL. Work-up of hematuria. Prim Care. 2014 Dec;41(4):737-48. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2014.08.007. Epub 2014 Nov 4. Review. PubMed PMID: 25439531.

Moroni, G., & Ponticelli, C. (2014). Review: Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis: Early treatment is a must. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13723-729. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.02.007

Includes review of false positive c-anca

Shingleton BJ, O'Donoghue MW. Blurred vision. N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 24;343(8):556-62. Review. PubMed PMID: 10954765.

From Chapter The Pupils from Ophthalmology (4th Ed.)

Nerves and Pathways. In Waxman S.G. (Eds), Clinical Neuroanatomy, 27e. Retrieved January 13, 2016 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.or/content.aspx?bookid=673&Sectionid=45395970.

Chapter General Approach to the Uveitis Patient and Treatment Strategies From Ophthalmology (4th Ed.)

Meek S, Morris F. ABC of clinical electrocardiography.Introduction. I-Leads, rate, rhythm, and cardiac axis. BMJ. 2002 Feb 16;324(7334):415-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 11850377; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1122339.

Channer K, Morris F. ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Myocardial ischaemia. BMJ. 2002 Apr 27;324(7344):1023-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 11976247; PubMed Central PMCID

Edhouse J, Morris F. Broad complex tachycardia--Part I. BMJ. 2002 Mar 23;324(7339):719-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 11909791; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1122646.

Morris F, Brady WJ. ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Acute myocardial infarction-Part I. BMJ. 2002 Apr 6;324(7341):831-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 11934778; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1122768.

The passage of gas in the urine strongly suggests a fistula between the urinary tract and the bowel. This occurs most commonly in the bladder or urethra but may be seen also in the ureter or renal pelvis. Carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, diverticulitis with abscess formation, regional enteritis, and trauma cause most vesical fistulas. Congenital anomalies account for most urethroenteric fistulas. Certain bacteria, by the process of fermentation, may liberate gas on rare occasions.
From: Symptoms of Disorders of the Genitourinary Tract. In McAninch J.W., Lue T.F. (Eds), Smith and Tanagho's General Urology, 18e. Retrieved March 07, 2016.

Schecter WP. Management of enterocutaneous fistulas. Surg Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;91(3):481-91. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2011.02.004. Review. PubMed PMID: 21621692.

Kwon EO, Armenakas NA, Scharf SC, Panagopoulos G, Fracchia JA. The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks! J Urol. 2008 Apr;179(4):1425-7. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.085. Epub 2008 Mar 4. PubMed PMID: 18289575.

Visual Hallucinations: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Ryan C. Teeple, Jason P. Caplan, Theodore A. Stern Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2009; 11(1): 26–32. PMCID: PMC2660156

Lerario A, Ciammola A, Poletti B, Girotti F, Silani V. Charles Bonnet syndrome: two case reports and review of the literature. J Neurol. 2013 Apr;260(4):1180-6. doi: 10.1007/s00415-013-6857-7. Epub 2013 Feb 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 23381616.

Azzopardi L, Murfin C, Sharda A, De Silva N. Myxoedema madness. BMJ Case Rep. 2010 Sep 17;2010. pii: bcr0320102841. doi: 10.1136/bcr.03.2010.2841. PubMed PMID: 22778250; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3028477

Gaitonde DY, Rowley KD, Sweeney LB. Hypothyroidism: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Aug 1;86(3):244-51. Review. PubMed PMID: 22962987.

Wartofsky L. Myxedema coma. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;35(4):687-98, vii-viii. Review. PubMed PMID: 17127141.

Lazarus J, Okosieme OE. Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. 2015 Apr 12. In: De Groot LJ, Beck-Peccoz P, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, McLachlan R, New M, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Weickert MO, editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.proxygw.wrlc.org/books/NBK279154/ PubMed PMID: 25905377.

Walsh K, Hoffmayer K, Hamdan MH. Syncope: diagnosis and management. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2015 Feb;40(2):51-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2014.11.001. Epub 2014 Nov 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 25686850.

Martinez JP, Mattu A. Abdominal pain in the elderly. Emerg Med Clin North Am.
2006 May;24(2):371-88, vii. Review. PubMed PMID: 16584962

Jackson PG, Raiji MT. Evaluation and management of intestinal obstruction. Am
Fam Physician. 2011 Jan 15;83(2):159-65. Review. PubMed PMID: 21243991.

Kjellström B, van der Wal MH. Old and new tools to assess dyspnea in the hospitalized patient. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2013 Sep;10(3):204-11. doi: 10.1007/s11897-013-0141-0. Review. PubMed PMID: 23761063

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-810. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287. PubMed PMID: 26903338.

Seymour CW, Rosengart MR. Septic Shock: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):708-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.7885. Review. Erratum in: JAMA. 2015 Oct 6;314(13):1404. PubMed PMID: 26284722; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4646706.

Cunha BA, Lortholary O, Cunha CB. Fever of unknown origin: a clinical approach. Am J Med. 2015 Oct;128(10):1138.e1-1138.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.001. Epub 2015 Jun 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 26093175.

Valeyre D, Prasse A, Nunes H, Uzunhan Y, Brillet PY, Müller-Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis. Lancet. 2014 Mar 29;383(9923):1155-67. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60680-7. Epub 2013 Oct 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 24090799.

Zaarour M, Weerasinghe C, Moussaly E, Hussein S, Atallah JP. "The Great Mimicker": An Unusual Etiology of Cytopenia, Diffuse Lymphadenopathy, and Massive
Splenomegaly. Case Rep Med. 2015;2015:637965. doi: 10.1155/2015/637965. Epub 2015 Oct 22. PubMed PMID: 26579198; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4633558.

Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, Rossman MD, Yeager H Jr, Bresnitz EA, DePalo L, Hunninghake G, Iannuzzi MC, Johns CJ, McLennan G, Moller DR, Newman LS,
Rabin DL, Rose C, Rybicki B, Weinberger SE, Terrin ML, Knatterud GL, Cherniak R;
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