Internal Medicine Residency Readings: Jan - June 2015

Yew KS, Cheng EM. Diagnosis of acute stroke. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Apr
15;91(8):528-36. PubMed PMID: 25884860.

Maldonado NJ, Kazmi SO, Suarez JI. Update in the management of acute ischemic stroke. Crit Care Clin. 2014 Oct;30(4):673-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2014.06.002. Epub 2014 Aug 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25257735.

Hankey GJ. Secondary stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Feb;13(2):178-94. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70255-2. Epub 2013 Dec 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 24361114.

Secondary prevention of stroke. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2014;56(1457):125-6.
Review. PubMed PMID: 25461231.

Chapter 101 Stroke from Rosen's Emergency Medicine (8th Ed.)

Walsh R.A., O'Rourke R.A., Shaver J.A. (2011). Chapter 14. The History, Physical Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation. In Fuster V, Walsh R.A., Harrington R.A. (Eds), Hurst's The Heart, 13e. Retrieved June 22, 2015 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=376&Sectionid=40279740.

Karras C, Donlan SM, Aitchison R, Aitchison P, Wang E, Kharasch M. Acute coronary syndromes. Dis Mon. 2013 May;59(5):202-9. doi:
10.1016/j.disamonth.2013.03.006. Review. PubMed PMID: 23642274.

Kutty RS, Jones N, Moorjani N. Mechanical complications of acute myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Clin. 2013 Nov;31(4):519-31, vii-viii. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Aug 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 24188218.

Wilansky S, Moreno CA, Lester SJ. Complications of myocardial infarction. Crit Care Med. 2007 Aug;35(8 Suppl):S348-54. Review. PubMed PMID: 17667459.

Imazio M, Hoit BD. Post-cardiac injury syndromes. An emerging cause of pericardial diseases. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Sep 30;168(2):648-52. doi:
10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.052. Epub 2012 Oct 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 23040075.

Cartwright SL, Knudson MP. Evaluation of acute abdominal pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Apr 1;77(7):971-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 18441863.

Tests and standards by branch

Heavy Metals from Rosen's Emergency Medicine (8th Ed.)

Brodkin E, Copes R, Mattman A, Kennedy J, Kling R, Yassi A. Lead and mercury exposures: interpretation and action. CMAJ. 2007 Jan 2;176(1):59-63. Review. PubMed PMID: 17200393; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1764574.

Basophilic stippling.
Basophilic stippling means that there are fine (as in this case) or coarse purplish blue dots dispersed through the red cell (arrow) . They are a very nonspecific feature occurring in thalassemia trait, lead poisoning, 5′-nucleotidase deficiency, and dyserythropoiesis in general (×1000).
From Peripheral Blood Smear in Goldman's Cecil Medicine

Katz U, Shoenfeld Y. Pulmonary eosinophilia. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008 Jun;34(3):367-71. doi: 10.1007/s12016-007-8053-y. Review. PubMed PMID: 18197481.

Campos LE, Pereira LF. Pulmonary eosinophilia. J Bras Pneumol. 2009 Jun;35(6):561-73. Review. English, Portuguese. PubMed PMID: 19618037.

Chapter from Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine

Hale N, Paauw DS. Diagnosis and treatment of headache in the ambulatory care setting: a review of classic presentations and new considerations in diagnosis and management. Med Clin North Am. 2014 May;98(3):505-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Mar 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 24758958.

Pulsatile quality of headache
One-day duration (four to 72 hours)
Unilateral location
Nausea or vomiting
Disabling intensity

P photo/photophobia
I Incapacitating
N Nausea

Starling AJ, Dodick DW. Best practices for patients with chronic migraine: burden, diagnosis, and management in primary care. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015
Mar;90(3):408-14. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.010. Review. PubMed PMID: 25744118.

From DynaMed:
there is no commonly accepted indication for starting prophylactic treatment, but should be considered when
- quality of life, business duties, or school attendance are severely impaired
- frequency of attacks ≥ 2 per month
- migraine attacks do not respond to acute drug treatment
- frequent, very long, or uncomfortable auras occur

Roceanu A, Antochi F, Bajenaru O. Chronic migraine - new treatment options. Maedica (Buchar). 2014 Dec;9(4):401-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 25705314; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4316889.

Barbanti P, Egeo G, Aurilia C, Fofi L. Treatment of tension-type headache: from old myths to modern concepts. Neurol Sci. 2014 May;35 Suppl 1:17-21. doi: 10.1007/s10072-014-1735-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 24867829.

Freitag F. Managing and treating tension-type headache. Med Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;97(2):281-92. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.003. Epub 2012 Dec 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 23419626.

Tepper DE. Cluster headache. Headache. 2015 May;55(5):757-8. doi:
10.1111/head.12574. PubMed PMID: 25989208.

Miller S, Matharu MS. Managing patients with cluster headache in primary care. Practitioner. 2013 Sep;257(1764):15-20, 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 24383152.

Lester MS, Liu BP. Imaging in the evaluation of headache. Med Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;97(2):243-65. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.11.004. Epub 2012 Dec 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 23419624.

Saguil A. Evaluation of the patient with muscle weakness. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Apr 1;71(7):1327-36. Review. PubMed PMID: 15832536.

Endres DB. Investigation of hypercalcemia. Clin Biochem. 2012 Aug;45(12):954-63. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.04.025. Epub 2012 May 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 22569596.

Reagan P, Pani A, Rosner MH. Approach to diagnosis and treatment of hypercalcemia in a patient with malignancy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Jan;63(1):141-7. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.025. Epub 2013 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 24021907.

Major P, Lortholary A, Hon J, Abdi E, Mills G, Menssen HD, Yunus F, Bell R, Body J, Quebe-Fehling E, Seaman J. Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: a pooled analysis of two randomized, controlled clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jan 15;19(2):558-67. PubMed PMID: 11208851.

Cancers of the Cervix, Vulva, and Vagina Chapter from Abeloff's Clinical Oncology (2014)

Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman S. Outpatient approach to palpitations. Am Fam
Physician. 2011 Jul 1;84(1):63-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 21766757.

Sukor N. Secondary hypertension: a condition not to be missed. Postgrad Med J. 2011 Oct;87(1032):706-13. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2011.118661. Epub 2011 Jul 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 21746730.

1: Krzych LJ. Use of Bayesian statistical approach in diagnosing secondary hypertension. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2008 Mar;118(3):132-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 18476460.

Pappachan JM, Raskauskiene D, Sriraman R, Edavalath M, Hanna FW. Diagnosis and management of pheochromocytoma: a practical guide to clinicians. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Jul;16(7):442. doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0442-z. Review. PubMed PMID: 24792093.

Harvey AM. Hyperaldosteronism: diagnosis, lateralization, and treatment. Surg Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;94(3):643-56. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.02.007. Epub 2014 Apr 24. Review. PubMed PMID: 24857581.

Meriano T. Flank pain. J Spec Oper Med. 2014 Fall;14(3):98-101. PubMed PMID: 25344716.

Lee JY. Diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2015 Apr;78(2):47-55. doi: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.2.47. Epub 2015 Apr 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 25861336; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4388900.

Kasperbauer S, Huitt G. Management of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Feb;34(1):143-50. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1333576. Epub 2013 Mar 4. Review. PubMed PMID: 23460014.

Kalla R, Ventham NT, Satsangi J, Arnott ID. Crohn's disease. BMJ. 2014 Nov 19;349:g6670. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g6670. Review. PubMed PMID: 25409896.

Andres E, Serraj K, Zhu J, Vermorken AJ. The pathophysiology of elevated vitamin B12 in clinical practice. QJM. 2013 Jun;106(6):505-15. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hct051. Epub 2013 Feb 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 23447660.

1: Motyckova G, Steensma DP. Why does my patient have lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012 Apr;26(2):395-408, ix. doi:
10.1016/j.hoc.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Mar 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 22463834.

Apperley JF. Chronic myeloid leukaemia. Lancet. 2015 Apr 11;385(9976):1447-59. doi: 10.1016/S0140 6736(13)62120-0. Epub 2014 Dec 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 25484026.

The new EUTOS score predicts complete cytogenetic remission (CCgR) 18 months after the start of therapy, which is an important predictor for the course of disease. Patients without CCgR at this point of treatment are less likely to achieve one later on and are at a high risk of progressing to blastic and accelerated phase disease.

Knox MA. Thyroid nodules. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Aug 1;88(3):193-6. PubMed PMID: 23939698.

Popoveniuc G, Jonklaas J. Thyroid nodules. Med Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;96(2):329-49. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.002. Review. PubMed PMID: 22443979; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3575959.

Hindle WH. Breast mass evaluation. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Sep;45(3):750-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 12370615.

Daly MB, Axilbund JE, Buys S, Crawford B, Farrell CD, Friedman S, Garber JE, Goorha S, Gruber SB, Hampel H, Kaklamani V, Kohlmann W, Kurian A, Litton J, Marcom PK, Nussbaum R, Offit K, Pal T, Pasche B, Pilarski R, Reiser G, Shannon KM, Smith JR, Swisher E, Weitzel JN; National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010 May;8(5):562-94. PubMed PMID: 20495085.

Gail model

Nazarali SA, Narod SA. Tamoxifen for women at high risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2014 Feb 17;6:29-36. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S43763. eCollection 2014. Review. PubMed PMID: 24648767; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC3933348.

1: Gizzo S, Saccardi C, Patrelli TS, Berretta R, Capobianco G, Di Gangi S,
Vacilotto A, Bertocco A, Noventa M, Ancona E, D'Antona D, Nardelli GB. Update on raloxifene: mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and contraindications. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2013 Jun;68(6):467-81. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e31828baef9. Review. PubMed PMID: 23942473.

Carlson N, King J. Overview of breast cancer treatment and reconstruction for primary care providers. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2012 Nov-Dec;57(6):558-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00249.x. Review. PubMed PMID: 23217067.

Luzzatto L (2012). Chapter 106. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18

Bass GF, Tuscano ET, Tuscano JM. Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):560-4. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.11.010. Epub 2014 Jan 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 24418298.

Stettler N, McKiernan CM, Melin CQ, Adejoro OO, Walczak NB. Proportion of adults with sickle cell anemia and pain crises receiving hydroxyurea. JAMA. 2015 Apr 28;313(16):1671-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3075. PubMed PMID: 25919532.

Autosomal dominant in 75% of cases and autosomal recessive or de novo mutations in 25% of cases.
Source: DynaMed

Nathavitharana RR, Mitty JA. Diseases from North America: focus on tick-borne infections. Clin Med. 2015 Feb;15(1):74-7. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.14-6-74.
PubMed PMID: 25650204.

Pujalte GG, Chua JV. Tick-borne infections in the United States. Prim Care. 2013 Sep;40(3):619-35. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jul 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 23958360.

Goldstein, I. M., Black, M. A., Leydet, B. J., & Vidrine, S. B. (2013). Hitting the target: Lyme or STARI?. The Journal Of The Louisiana State Medical Society: Official Organ Of The Louisiana State Medical Society, 165(2), 83-87.

Ananthan D, Shah S, Haseer-Koya H, Patel A. Powasson virus causing tick-borne encephalitis: a diagnostic dilemma. QJM. 2014 Nov;107(11):909-10. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu082. Epub 2014 Apr 11. PubMed PMID: 24729265.

Centers for Disease Control. (2015).Two-step Laboratory Testing Process. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/diagnosistesting/labtest/twostep/index.html

Hirbe AC, Gutmann DH. Neurofibromatosis type 1: a multidisciplinary approach to care. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Aug;13(8):834-43. doi:
10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70063-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 25030515.

Agaimy A, Vassos N, Croner RS. Gastrointestinal manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (Recklinghausen's disease): clinicopathological spectrum with pathogenetic considerations. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2012;5(9):852-62. Epub 2012 Oct 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 23119102; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3484498

Chabot-Richards DS, George TI. Leukocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014 Jun;36(3):279-88. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12212. Review. PubMed PMID: 24750674.

Mullady DK, Tan BR. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Aug;47(7):578-85. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182936c87. Review. PubMed PMID:
23751846.

Sinha S, Peach AH. Diagnosis and management of soft tissue sarcoma. BMJ. 2010 Dec 29;341:c7170. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c7170. Review. PubMed PMID: 21190968.

Gupte C, St Mart JP. The acute swollen knee: diagnosis and management. J R Soc Med. 2013 Jul;106(7):259-68. doi: 10.1177/0141076813482831. Review. PubMed PMID: 23821708.

Bacterial arthritis from Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology (9th Ed.)

1: Horowitz DL, Katzap E, Horowitz S, Barilla-LaBarca ML. Approach to septic
arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Sep 15;84(6):653-60. Review. PubMed PMID:
21916390.

Yang L, Stanworth S, Hopewell S, Doree C, Murphy M. Is fresh-frozen plasma clinically effective? An update of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Transfusion. 2012 Aug;52(8):1673-86; quiz 1673. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03515.x. Epub 2012 Jan 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 22257164.

Kherani RB, Shojania K. Septic arthritis in patients with pre-existing inflammatory arthritis. CMAJ. 2007 May 22;176(11):1605-8. Review. Erratum in: CMAJ. 2007 Aug 28;177(5):489. PubMed PMID: 17515588; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC1867838.

aid A, Haddad RY, Stein R, Lerma EV. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Dis Mon. 2014 Oct;60(10):500-4. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Sep 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 25278278.

Krones E, Högenauer C. Diarrhea in the immunocompromised patient. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012 Sep;41(3):677-701. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Jul 4. Review. PubMed PMID: 22917171.

MacArthur RD, DuPont HL. Etiology and pharmacologic management of noninfectious diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Sep;55(6):860-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis544. Epub 2012 Jun 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 22700829.

Henkle E, Winthrop KL. Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in immunosuppressed hosts. Clin Chest Med. 2015 Mar;36(1):91-9. doi:
10.1016/j.ccm.2014.11.002. Epub 2014 Dec 23. Review. PubMed PMID: 25676522.

Miller RF, Huang L, Walzer PD. Pneumocystis pneumonia associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Chest Med. 2013 Jun;34(2):229-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Apr 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 23702173.

Cronau H, Kankanala RR, Mauger T. Diagnosis and management of red eye in
primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jan 15;81(2):137-44. Review. PubMed PMID:
20082509.

Azari AA, Barney NP. Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and
treatment. JAMA. 2013 Oct 23;310(16):1721-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.280318.
Review. Erratum in: JAMA. 2014 Jan 1;311(1):95. Dosage error in article text.
PubMed PMID: 24150468; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4049531.

Guly CM, Forrester JV. Investigation and management of uveitis. BMJ. 2010 Oct
13;341:c4976. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c4976. PubMed PMID: 20943722.

Sakata VM, da Silva FT, Hirata CE, de Carvalho JF, Yamamoto JH. Diagnosis and classification of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):550-5. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.023. Epub 2014 Jan 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 24440284.

Benign growth of conjunctival tissue on the cornea

Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG; Infectious
Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar
1;44 Suppl 2:S27-72. PubMed PMID: 17278083.

Postma DF, van Werkhoven CH, van Elden LJ, Thijsen SF, Hoepelman AI, Kluytmans JA, Boersma WG, Compaijen CJ, van der Wall E, Prins JM, Oosterheert JJ, Bonten MJ; CAP-START Study Group. Antibiotic treatment strategies for community-acquired pneumonia in adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 2;372(14):1312-23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1406330. PubMed PMID: 25830421.

Sivagnanam S, Deleu D. Red man syndrome. Crit Care. 2003 Apr;7(2):119-20. Epub 2002 Dec 23. PubMed PMID: 12720556; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC270616.

Hakkarainen TW, Kopari NM, Pham TN, Evans HL. Necrotizing soft tissue
infections: review and current concepts in treatment, systems of care, and
outcomes. Curr Probl Surg. 2014 Aug;51(8):344-62. doi:
10.1067/j.cpsurg.2014.06.001. Epub 2014 Jun 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 25069713;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4199388.

Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL,
Hirschmann JV, Kaplan SL, Montoya JG, Wade JC. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul
15;59(2):e10-52. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu444. PubMed PMID: 24973422.

Paz Maya S, Dualde Beltrán D, Lemercier P, Leiva-Salinas C. Necrotizing fasciitis: an urgent diagnosis. Skeletal Radiol. 2014 May;43(5):577-89. doi: 10.1007/s00256-013-1813-2. Epub 2014 Jan 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 24469151.

Alboni P. The different clinical presentations of vasovagal syncope. Heart. 2015 May 1;101(9):674-678. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307096. Epub 2015 Mar 19. Review. PubMed PMID: 25792719.

From Epocrates Essentials.

Aycock RD, Kass DA. Abnormal urine color. South Med J. 2012 Jan;105(1):43-7. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31823c413e. Review. PubMed PMID: 22189666

Bernal W, Wendon J. Acute liver failure. N Engl J Med. 2013 Dec 26;369(26):2525-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1208937. Review. PubMed PMID: 24369077.

Kodner C. Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Nov 15;80(10):1129-34. Review. PubMed PMID: 19904897.

Hull RP, Goldsmith DJ. Nephrotic syndrome in adults. BMJ. 2008 May 24;336(7654):1185-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39576.709711.80. Review. PubMed PMID: 18497417; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2394708

Zutt R, van der Kooi AJ, Linthorst GE, Wanders RJ, de Visser M. Rhabdomyolysis: review of the literature. Neuromuscul Disord. 2014
Aug;24(8):651-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.05.005. Epub 2014 May 21. Review. PubMed
PMID: 24946698.

Michail, S., Kosmadakis, G., Filiopoulos, V., Papadopoulou, P., Pougounia, K., Michail, O., & ... Stathakis, P. (2005). Comparison of rhabdomyolysis (RM) and acute renal failure (ARF) severity between heroin (HU) and other narcotic drug (ONDU) users. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 20V43-V44.

Chung KF, Pavord ID. Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough.
Lancet. 2008 Apr 19;371(9621):1364-74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4.
Review. PubMed PMID: 18424325.

Wolff K, Johnson R, Saavedra A.P. (2013). Section 25. Bacterial Colonizations and Infections of Skin and Soft Tissues. In Wolff K, Johnson R, Saavedra A.P. (Eds), Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 7e.

Hoen B, Duval X. Clinical practice. Infective endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 11;368(15):1425-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1206782. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 27;368(26):2536. PubMed PMID: 23574121.

Hartzell JD, Wood-Morris RN, Martinez LJ, Trotta RF. Q fever: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 May;83(5):574-9. doi: 10.4065/83.5.574. Review. PubMed PMID: 18452690.

Bruun NE, Habib G, Thuny F, Sogaard P. Cardiac imaging in infectious
endocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2014 Mar;35(10):624-32. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht274.
Epub 2013 Jul 30. Review. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2014 Sep 7;35(34):2334. PubMed
PMID: 23900698.

"intraligamental local anaesthesia, endodontic prosthetic care, curettage, drilling, tooth loss, transplants/reimplants, periapical surgery, periodontal surgery, bone surgery, frenectomy, salivary gland biopsy and dental-facial orthopaedics"
from
Maestre Vera JR, Gómez-Lus Centelles ML. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in oral surgery and dental procedures. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007 Jan 1;12(1):E44-52. Review. PubMed PMID: 17195828.

Ballas M, Kraut EH. 92008). Bleeding and bruising: a diagnostic work-up. Am Fam
Physician. 2008 Apr 15;77(8):1117-24. PubMed PMID: 18481559.

Linkins LA. (2015). Heparin induced thrombocytopenia. BMJ. 2015 Jan 8;350:g7566. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g7566. PubMed PMID: 25569604.

Kalantri, A., Karambelkar, M., Joshi, R., Kalantri, S., & Jajoo, U. (2010). Accuracy and Reliability of Pallor for Detecting Anaemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Plos ONE, 5(1), 1-6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00085459051559; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1497067.

Chapter 175 Thrombocytopenia from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed.)

Lacerda MV, Mourão MP, Coelho HC, Santos JB. (2011). Thrombocytopenia in malaria: who cares? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106 Suppl 1:52-63. Review. PubMed PMID: 21881757.

STOP Making New Thrombi
Sepsis (gram neg)
Trauma
Obstetric complications
Pancreatitis (acute)
Malignancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Transfusion

Chapter 43 Red Blood Cell Membrane Disorders from Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice (Hoffman, 6th ed.)

Davoren J, Wang S (2013). Blood Disorders. In Hammer G.D., McPhee S.J. (Eds), Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, Seventh Edition.

Toh CH, Alhamdi Y. (2013). Current consideration and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program.
2013;2013:286-91. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.286. Review. PubMed PMID: 24319193.

Levi M. (2014). Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Int
J Lab Hematol. 2014 Jun;36(3):228-36. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12221. Review. PubMed
PMID: 24750668.

Chapter 178 Disseminated intravascular coagulation from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (Goldman, 24th ed). Note: Recommended by Dr. Ahari

Warrington, K. J., & Matteson, E. L. (2013). A primer on vasculitis. Minnesota Medicine, 96(5), 36-39.

Johnston, S. L. (2011). Does this patient have vasculitis?. Clinical Medicine (London, England), 11(4), 385-390.

Jayne D. The diagnosis of vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009
Jun;23(3):445-53. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.03.001. Review. PubMed PMID: 19508950.

Sharma S, Sharma P, Tyler LN. Transfusion of blood and blood products:
indications and complications. Am Fam Physician. 2011 Mar 15;83(6):719-24.
Review. PubMed PMID: 21404983.

Osterman JL, Arora S. Blood product transfusions and reactions. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014 Aug;32(3):727-38. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.012. Epub 2014 Jun 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 25060259.

Zarandona JM, Yazer MH. The role of the Coombs test in evaluating hemolysis in adults. CMAJ. 2006 Jan 31;174(3):305-7. PubMed PMID: 16446468; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1373708.

Letourneau AR, Issa NC, Baden LR. Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014 May;20(3):272-9. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000051. Review. PubMed PMID: 24626236.

Gilroy SA, Bennett NJ. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med.
2011 Dec;32(6):775-82. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1295725. Epub 2011 Dec 13. Review.
PubMed PMID: 22167405.

Washburn LA. Altered mental status: cause determines treatment. JAAPA. 2005
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Berend K, de Vries AP, Gans RO. Physiological approach to assessment of
acid-base disturbances. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 9;371(15):1434-45. doi:
10.1056/NEJMra1003327. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov
13;371(20):1948. PubMed PMID: 25295502.

From the University of Connecticut:
The appropriate diagnosis and management of acid-base disorders in acutely ill or critically ill patients require accurate and timely interpretation of the specific acid-base disorder. Appropriate interpretation requires simultaneous measurement of plasma electrolytes and arterial blood gases, as well as an appreciation by the clinician of the physiologic adaptations and compensatory responses that occur with specific acid-base disturbances.

This tutorial was designed specifically for internal medicine residents and may also be used by medical students. It includes a discussion on the normal physiology of acid base regulation, acid base disorders and their effect on electrolytes; renal function and other processes in the body. This tutorial offers a step to step approach in analyzing the results of an arterial blood gas. Also included are practice cases that emphasize some of the more important concepts in understanding acid base disturb

Kruse JA. Methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication. Crit Care Clin. 2012
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Jammalamadaka D, Raissi S. Ethylene glycol, methanol and isopropyl alcohol
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Cederbaum AI. Alcohol metabolism. Clin Liver Dis. 2012 Nov;16(4):667-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2012.08.002. Review. PubMed PMID: 23101976; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3484320.

Ronco C, Di Lullo L. Cardiorenal syndrome. Heart Fail Clin. 2014
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House AA. Cardiorenal syndrome: new developments in the understanding and pharmacologic management. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Oct;8(10):1808-15. doi:10.2215/CJN.02920313. Epub 2013 Aug 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 23929925; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3789342. Note: see Table 1. Treatments in management of acute and chronic cardiorenal syndromes; includes intended effects and possible adverse effects

Sestak I, Harvie M, Howell A, Forbes JF, Dowsett M, Cuzick J. Weight change associated with anastrozole and tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women with
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Moyer VA; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Medications to decrease the
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24061412.

From Textbook of Critical Care (6th Ed.)

From Rapid Review Pharmacology (3rd Ed.)

Roett MA, Mayor MT, Uduhiri KA. Diagnosis and management of genital ulcers. Am
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Samim F, Auluck A, Zed C, Williams PM. Erythema multiforme: a review of
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24034067.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome from Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015

Ruocco E, Wolf R, Ruocco V, Brunetti G, Romano F, Lo Schiavo A. Pemphigus:
associations and management guidelines: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol.
2013 Jul-Aug;31(4):382-90. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.005. Review.

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
Fred F. Ferri
Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015, 512-512.e1 Get rights and content

Ambrose NL, Haskard DO. Differential diagnosis and management of Behçet
syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013 Feb;9(2):79-89. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.156.
Epub 2012 Sep 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 23007742.

arnden A, Tulloh R, Burgner D. Kawasaki disease. BMJ. 2014 Sep 17;349:g5336.
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Knowles SR, Shear NH. Recognition and management of severe cutaneous drug
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17430761.

atur P. Emergency contraception: separating fact from fiction. Cleve Clin J
Med. 2012 Nov;79(11):771-6. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.79a.12019. Review. Erratum in:
Cleve Clin J Med. 2013 Aug;80(8):482. Dosage error in article text. PubMed PMID:
23125326.

Woodhams EJ, Gilliam M. In the Clinic. Contraception. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Oct
2;157(7):ITC4-1-ITC4-15; quiz ITC4-16. doi:
10.7326/0003-4819-157-7-20121002-01004. Review. PubMed PMID: 23027331.

Cyanosis from Rosen's Emergency Medicine

Slesinger T.L. (2011). Chapter 20. Blood Gases. In Tintinalli J.E., Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline D.M., Cydulka R.K., Meckler G.D., T (Eds), Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7e.

Weinberg DS, Schoen RE. Screening for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2014
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-Do not repeat colorectal cancer screening (by any method) for 10 years
after a high-quality colonoscopy is negative in average-risk individuals.
-Do not repeat colonoscopy for at least five years for patients who
have one or two small (< 1 cm) adenomatous polyps, without high-grade
dysplasia, completely removed via a high-quality colonoscopy.

Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E. Management of adult diabetic
ketoacidosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014 Jun 30;7:255-64. doi:
10.2147/DMSO.S50516. eCollection 2014. Review. PubMed PMID: 25061324; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC4085289.

Westerberg DP. Diabetic ketoacidosis: evaluation and treatment. Am Fam
Physician. 2013 Mar 1;87(5):337-46. PubMed PMID: 23547550.

Morelli V. Toward a comprehensive differential diagnosis and clinical approach
to fatigue in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011 Nov;27(4):687-92. doi:
10.1016/j.cger.2011.07.012. Epub 2011 Sep 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 22062449.

Wright J, O'Connor KM. Fatigue. Med Clin North Am. 2014 May;98(3):597-608.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.010. Review. PubMed PMID: 24758963.

Goodnough LT, Schrier SL. Evaluation and management of anemia in the elderly.
Am J Hematol. 2014 Jan;89(1):88-96. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23598. Review. PubMed PMID:
24122955; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4289144.

Weinzierl EP, Arber DA. The differential diagnosis and bone marrow evaluation
of new-onset pancytopenia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013 Jan;139(1):9-29. doi:
10.1309/AJCP50AEEYGREWUZ. Review. PubMed PMID: 23270895.

Munoz J, Guo Y. Basophilic stippling: a lead to the diagnosis. Blood. 2011 Nov
17;118(20):5370. Erratum in: Blood. 2014 Jan 9;123(2):302. PubMed PMID: 22204026.
Note: Image-based case report.

Adès L, Itzykson R, Fenaux P. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Lancet. 2014 Jun
28;383(9936):2239-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61901-7. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
Review. PubMed PMID: 24656536.
Note: See Table 1. for recurrent somatic gene mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes

From Essential Haematology (Hoffbrand, 2011)

Flowers CR, Seidenfeld J, Bow EJ, Karten C, Gleason C, Hawley DK, Kuderer NM,
Langston AA, Marr KA, Rolston KV, Ramsey SD. Antimicrobial prophylaxis and
outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy:
American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol.
2013 Feb 20;31(6):794-810. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.8661. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
PubMed PMID: 23319691.

Cartwright SL, Knudson MP. Evaluation of acute abdominal pain in adults. Am
Fam Physician. 2008 Apr 1;77(7):971-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 18441863.

Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ,
O'Neill PJ, Chow AW, Dellinger EP, Eachempati SR, Gorbach S, Hilfiker M, May AK,
Nathens AB, Sawyer RG, Bartlett JG. Diagnosis and management of complicated
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Dis. 2010 Jan 15;50(2):133-64. doi: 10.1086/649554. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis.
2010 Jun 15;50(12):1695. Dosage error in article text. PubMed PMID: 20034345.

Chandok N, Hirschfield GM. Management of primary sclerosing cholangitis:
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Fogel EL, Sherman S. ERCP for gallstone pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan
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2014 Jan 30;370(5):488. PubMed PMID: 24401052.

Kinney TP. Management of ascending cholangitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am.
2007 Apr;17(2):289-306, vi. Review. PubMed PMID: 17556149.

Kopylov U, Ben-Horin S, Seidman E. Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory
bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol. 2014;27(4):304-312. Review. PubMed PMID:
25331715; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4188926.

McLean LP, Cross RK. Adverse events in IBD: to stop or continue immune
suppressant and biologic treatment. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014
Mar;8(3):223-40. doi: 10.1586/17474124.2014.881715. Epub 2014 Feb 4. Review.
PubMed PMID: 24490595; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4140086.

Hasselblatt P, Drognitz K, Potthoff K, Bertz H, Kruis W, Schmidt C, Stallmach
A, Schmitt-Graeff A, Finke J, Kreisel W. Remission of refractory Crohn's disease
by high-dose cyclophosphamide and autologous peripheral blood stem cell
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10.1111/apt.12032. Epub 2012 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 22937722.

Lunney PC, Leong RW. Review article: Ulcerative colitis, smoking and nicotine
therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Dec;36(11-12):997-1008. doi:
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Natalizumab blocks leukocyte adhesion to and migration into areas of inflammation. As a humanized monoclonal antibody, it targets the protein α-4 integrin. Data have shown efficacy for moderate to severe Crohn's disease, but concerns over safety have prevented routine use.22,23 In patients with multiple sclerosis, reports of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with the John Cunningham (JC) virus have been described.24 This risk, along with hepatotoxicity, has reserved use of this biologic for only specific cases. Antibody testing for JC virus before therapy is recommended.
Thomas A, Lodhia N. Advanced therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a guide
for the primary care physician. J Am Board Fam Med. 2014 May-Jun;27(3):411-20.
doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2014.03.130224. Review. PubMed PMID: 24808120.

Friedman S, Blumberg R.S. (2012). Chapter 295. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.

Ebell MH. Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients. Am Fam Physician.
2011 Mar 1;83(5):603-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 21391528.

Davagnanam I, Fraser CL, Miszkiel K, Daniel CS, Plant GT. Adult Horner's
syndrome: a combined clinical, pharmacological, and imaging algorithm. Eye
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PubMed PMID: 23370415; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3597883.

Antonarakis ES. Pemberton sign. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Jul;82(7):859. PubMed
PMID: 17605968.

Panagopoulos N, Leivaditis V, Koletsis E et al. Pancoast tumors: characteristics and
preoperative assessment. J Thorac Dis. 2014 Mar;6 Suppl 1:S108-15. doi:
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Central PMCID: PMC3966151.

Cancer of the Lung from Abeloff's Clinical Oncology (Niederhuber, 5th ed. )

National Cancer Institute (2014). Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). Updated: August 6, 2014. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/non-small-cell-lung/healthprofessional/page3

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): First-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an approved test; treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after failure of at least 1 prior chemotherapy regimen; maintenance treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC which has not progressed after 4 cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy

Limitations of use: Use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy is not recommended. First-line treatment in patients with metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations other than exon 19 deletion or exon 21 (L858R) substitution has not been evaluated.

Erlotinib from Lexicomp. Retrieved February 11, 2015.

Non-small cell lung cancer: Treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors are anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive (as detected by an approved test)

Crizotinib from Lexicomp. Retrieved February 11, 2015.

Jett JR, Carr LL. Targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Respir
Crit Care Med. 2013 Oct 15;188(8):907-12. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201301-0189PP.
Review. PubMed PMID: 23721055.

Benich JJ 3rd, Carek PJ. Evaluation of the patient with chronic cough. Am Fam
Physician. 2011 Oct 15;84(8):887-92. Review. PubMed PMID: 22010767.

Tuberculosis from Rosen's Emergency Medicine (Marx, 8th ed.)

Kasperbauer SH, Daley CL. Diagnosis and treatment of infections due to
Mycobacterium avium complex. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct;29(5):569-76. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1085708. Epub 2008 Sep 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 18810690.

Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb 15;175(4):367-416.
Note: See Table 6. Common side effects and toxicities of drugs used for therapy or prophylaxis of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease

Sabella C. Measles: not just a childhood rash. Cleve Clin J Med. 2010
Mar;77(3):207-13. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.77a.09123.

Endres, D. (n.d). Investigation of hypercalcemia. Clinical Biochemistry, 45(12), 954-963.

Rykken JB, McKinney AM. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2014 Apr;35(2):118-35. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2013.09.007. Review.
PubMed PMID: 24745888.

Stevens CJ, Heran MK. The many faces of posterior reversible encephalopathy
syndrome. Br J Radiol. 2012 Dec;85(1020):1566-75. doi: 10.1259/bjr/25273221.
Review. PubMed PMID: 23175479; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3611715

Thacher TD, Clarke BL. Vitamin D insufficiency. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011
Jan;86(1):50-60. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0567. Review. PubMed PMID: 21193656;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3012634.

Makras P, Papapoulos SE. Medical treatment of hypercalcaemia. Hormones
(Athens). 2009 Apr-Jun;8(2):83-95. Review. PubMed PMID: 19570736.

Pavlidis N, Pentheroudakis G. Cancer of unknown primary site. Lancet. 2012 Apr
14;379(9824):1428-35. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61178-1. Epub 2012 Mar 12.
Review. PubMed PMID: 22414598.
Note: see Table 2: Immunohistochemical approaches for diagnosis of diff erent types of cancer of unknown primary site

Peters, S. P. (2013). When the chief complaint is (or should be) dyspnea in adults. The Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology. In Practice, 1(2), 129-136. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2013.01.004

Wahls, S. A. (2012). Causes and evaluation of chronic dyspnea. American Family Physician, 86(2), 173-182.

Berend, K., de Vries, A. J., & Gans, R. B. (2014). Physiological approach to assessment of acid-base disturbances. New England Journal Of Medicine, 371(15), 1434-1445. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1003327

Seifter, J. L. (2014). Integration of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders. New England Journal Of Medicine, 371(19), 1821-1831. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1215672

From the University of Connecticut:
The appropriate diagnosis and management of acid-base disorders in acutely ill or critically ill patients require accurate and timely interpretation of the specific acid-base disorder. Appropriate interpretation requires simultaneous measurement of plasma electrolytes and arterial blood gases, as well as an appreciation by the clinician of the physiologic adaptations and compensatory responses that occur with specific acid-base disturbances.

This tutorial was designed specifically for internal medicine residents and may also be used by medical students. It includes a discussion on the normal physiology of acid base regulation, acid base disorders and their effect on electrolytes; renal function and other processes in the body. This tutorial offers a step to step approach in analyzing the results of an arterial blood gas. Also included are practice cases that emphasize some of the more important concepts in understanding acid base disturb

Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms
from Goldman's Cecil Medicine

MacMahon, H., Austin, J., Gamsu, G., Herold, C., Jett, J., Naidich, D., & ... Swensen, S. (2005). Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: A statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology, 237(2), 395-400

Described and cited in this review article; see section on risk factor assessment.
Albert, R. H., & Russell, J. J. (2009). Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule. American Family Physician, 80(8), 827-831.

Detterbeck, F. C., & Homer, R. J. (2011). Approach to the Ground-Glass Nodule. Clinics In Chest Medicine, 32(Lung Cancer), 799-810. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2011.08.002

Skouras, V. S., Tanner, N. T., & Silvestri, G. A. (2013). Diagnostic approach to the solitary pulmonary nodule. Seminars In Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 34(6), 762-769. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1358559

Ely, J. W., & Seabury Stone, M. (2010). The generalized rash: part I. Differential diagnosis. American Family Physician, 81(6), 726-734.

Ely, J. W., & Seabury Stone, M. (2010). The generalized rash: part II. Diagnostic approach. American Family Physician, 81(6), 735-739.

Darier sign is "positive" when a brown macular or a slightly papular lesion of urticarial pigmentosa (mastocytosis) becomes a palpable wheal after being vigorously rubbed with an instrument such as the blunt end of a pen. The wheal may not appear for 5–10 min.
Auspitz sign is "positive" when slight scratching or curetting of a scaly lesion reveals punctate bleeding points within the lesion. This suggests psoriasis, but it is not specific.
The Nikolsky phenomenon is positive when the epidermis is dislodged from the dermis by lateral, shearing pressure with a finger, resulting in an erosion. It is an important diagnostic sign in acantholytic disorders such as pemphigus or the staphylococcal scalded skin (SSS) syndrome or other blistering or epidermonecrotic disorders, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Klein, A., Landthaler, M., & Karrer, S. (2010). Pityriasis rubra pilaris: a review of diagnosis and treatment. American Journal Of Clinical Dermatology, 11(3), 157-170. doi:10.2165/11530070-000000000-00000

Online learning modules. This curriculum was created by a work group of experienced dermatology educators based on the needs of today's learners. These guides provide direction about how one can best use this collection of learning modules, including the recommended order in which to review them. Each module has been peer-reviewed and is based on the best available evidence. Clinical vignettes and questions within each module provide a practical framework for learning. After completion of each module, students can test their knowledge with quiz questions.

Olsen, E., Rook, A., Zic, J., Kim, Y., Porcu, P., Querfeld, C., & ... Duvic, M. (n.d). Sezary syndrome: Immunopathogenesis, literature review of therapeutic options, and recommendations for therapy by the United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium (USCLC). Journal Of The American Academy Of Dermatology, 64(2), 352-404.

Recommended by Dr. Chad Henson Pelosof, L. C., & Gerber, D. E. (2010). Paraneoplastic syndromes: an approach to diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(9), 838-854. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0099

Koita, J., Riggio, S., & Jagoda, A. (2010). The Mental Status Examination in Emergency Practice. Emergency Medicine Clinics Of North America, 28(Alterations of Consciousness in the Emergency Department), 439-451. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2010.03.008

Wilber, ST (2006). Altered mental status in older emergency department patients. Emergency medicine clinics of North America (0733-8627), 24 (2), 299.

Croucher, A., & Winston, A. (2013). HIV/AIDS by system: Neurological complications of HIV. Medicine, 41(HIV and AIDS), 450-455. doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.05.003

Kranick, S. M., & Nath, A. (2012). Neurologic complications of HIV-1 infection and its treatment in the era of antiretroviral therapy. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning In Neurology, 18(6), 1319-1337.

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/AIDS (Colebunders and French) from Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.)

endemic (African)
-up to 50% of all tumors reported in men in some African countries
-2%-10% of cancers in children in eastern and southern Africa

epidemic (HIV-associated)
-85,922 cases reported among persons with HIV infection in United States from 1980 to 2007 (JAMA 2011 Apr 13;305(14):1450), correction can be found in JAMA 2011 Oct 12;306(14):1468
-Kaposi sarcoma incidence lower with antiretroviral therapy based on cohort of 9,473 men with HIV infection during 1986-2006
-incidence 3.58 per 1,000 person years with antiretroviral therapy and 8.22 per 1,000 person-years without antiretroviral therapy
Reference - J Natl Cancer Inst 2010 Jun 2;102(11):784 full-text

Holland, T. L., Arnold, C., & Fowler Jr, V. G. (2014). Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review. JAMA: Journal Of The American Medical Association, 312(13), 1330-1341. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.9743

Fangtham, M., & Baer, A. N. (2012). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Arthritis in Adults: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Seminars In Arthritis & Rheumatism, 41(4), 604-610. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.06.018

Rodvold, K. A., & McConeghy, K. W. (2014). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapy: past, present, and future. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication Of The Infectious Diseases Society Of America, 58 Suppl 1S20-S27. doi:10.1093/cid/cit614
Note: Includes evidence on Ceftaroline.

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