Internal Medicine Residency Readings: Cardiology

Audio files to listen to normal heart sounds and murmurs.

Schanzer, A., & Oderich, G. S. (2021). Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. The New England journal of medicine, 385(18), 1690–1698. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp2108504

Barstow C, Rice M, McDivitt JD. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Diagnostic Evaluation. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Feb 1;95(3):170-177. PMID: 28145667.

Bhatt, D. L., Lopes, R. D., & Harrington, R. A. (2022). Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Review. JAMA, 327(7), 662–675. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.0358

Widmer RJ, Pollak PM, Bell MR, Gersh BJ, Anavekar NS. The Evolving Face of Myocardial Reperfusion in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Primer for the Internist. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Feb;93(2):199-216. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.016. Epub 2018 Jan 9. PMID: 29329796.

Kanwar A, Thaden JJ, Nkomo VT. Management of Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Apr;93(4):488-508. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.020. Review. PubMed PMID: 29622096.

Ko, D., Chung, M. K., Evans, P. T., Benjamin, E. J., & Helm, R. H. (2025). Atrial Fibrillation: A Review. JAMA, 333(4), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.22451

Roman S, Patel K, Hana D, et al. Rate versus rhythm control for atrial fibrillation: from AFFIRM to EAST-AFNET 4 - a paradigm shift. Future Cardiol. 2022;18(4):354-353. doi:10.2217/fca-2021-0034

Herzog E, Argulian E, Levy SB, Aziz EF. Pathway for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2017 Jun;16(2):47-52. doi: 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000109. PMID: 28509703.

Murphy, S. P., Ibrahim, N. E., & Januzzi, J. L., Jr (2020). Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Review. JAMA, 324(5), 488–504. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10262

Cannata, A., & McDonagh, T. A. (2025). Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. The New England journal of medicine, 392(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp2305181

Arvanitis M, Lowenstein CJ. Dyslipidemia. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(6):ITC81-ITC96. doi:10.7326/AITC202306200

Steinberg L. Congenital Heart Block. Cardiol Clin. 2023;41(3):399-410. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2023.03.002

Sebastian, S. A., Co, E. L., Mahtani, A., Padda, I., Anam, M., Mathew, S. S., Shahzadi, A., Niazi, M., Pawar, S., & Johal, G. (2024). Heart Failure: Recent Advances and Breakthroughs. Disease-a-month : DM, 70(2), 101634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101634

Yusuf, S. W., Hassan, S. A., Mouhayar, E., Negi, S. I., Banchs, J., & O'Gara, P. T. (2016). Pericardial disease: a clinical review. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 14(4), 525–539. https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2016.1134317

Tran B. (2021). Assessment and management of peripheral arterial disease: what every cardiologist should know. Heart (British Cardiac Society), heartjnl-2019-316164. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316164

Sarkar M, Bhardwaj R, Madabhavi I, Gowda S, Dogra K. Pulsus paradoxus. Clin Respir J. 2018 Aug;12(8):2321-2331. doi: 10.1111/crj.12912. PMID: 29873194.

Murphy SP, Ibrahim NE, Januzzi JL Jr. Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Review. JAMA. 2020 Aug 4;324(5):488-504. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10262. PMID: 32749493.

Su, L., Mittal, R., Ramgobin, D., Jain, R., & Jain, R. (2021). Current Management Guidelines on Hyperlipidemia: The Silent Killer. Journal of lipids, 2021, 9883352. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9883352

Mohananey, D., Aljadah, M., Smith, A., Haines, J. F., Patel, S., Villablanca, P., & Ramakrishna, H. (2021). The 2020 ACC/AHA Guidelines for Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Highlights and Perioperative Implications. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, S1053-0770(21)00339-6. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2021.04.013

Praz, F., Beyersdorf, F., Haugaa, K., & Prendergast, B. (2024). Valvular heart disease: from mechanisms to management. Lancet (London, England), S0140-6736(23)02755-1. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02755-1

Sengupta, P. P., Kluin, J., Lee, S. P., Oh, J. K., & Smits, A. I. P. M. (2024). The future of valvular heart disease assessment and therapy. Lancet (London, England), 403(10436), 1590–1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02754-X

Dresen, W. F., & Ferguson, J. D. (2018). Ventricular Arrhythmias. Cardiology clinics, 36(1), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2017.08.007

Könemann H, Ellermann C, Zeppenfeld K, Eckardt L. Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias Worldwide: Comparison of the Latest ESC, AHA/ACC/HRS, and CCS/CHRS Guidelines. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2023;9(5):715-728. doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2022.12.008

Kim SS, Knight BP. Long term risk of Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern and syndrome. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017 May;27(4):260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 5. PMID: 28108086.