Internal Medicine Residency Readings: Jan - June 2020

Link to free online training by the Society of Critical Care Medicine as well as additional information resources including: video tutorials, handbooks, and key review articles plus weekly clinical updates from the GW Division of Infectious Diseases.

Kullberg BJ, Arendrup MC. Invasive Candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(15):1445‐1456. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1315399

Pappas PG, Lionakis MS, Arendrup MC, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Kullberg BJ. Invasive candidiasis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18026. Published 2018 May 11. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.26

Leeman L, Dresang LT, Fontaine P. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(2):121‐127.

Croke L. Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: A Practice Bulletin from ACOG. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(10):649‐650.

Dusse LM, Alpoim PN, Silva JT, Rios DR, Brandão AH, Cabral AC. Revisiting HELLP syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;451(Pt B):117‐120. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.024

Taylor PN, Lazarus JH. Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019;48(3):547‐556. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.010

Kuang FL. Approach to Patients with Eosinophilia. Med Clin North Am. 2020;104(1):1‐14. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.08.005

From Non-Neoplastic Morphologic Abnormalities of White Blood Cells and Macrophages in Hematopathology (3rd ed.)

Lunning MA, Vose JM. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: the many-faced lymphoma. Blood. 2017;129(9):1095‐1102. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-09-692541

Broccoli A, Zinzani PL. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2017;31(2):223‐238. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2016.12.001

DeFilippis EM, Vaidya A, Braun D, Lakdawala N, Sobieszczyk P. A Shocking Turn of Events. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(21):e29. doi:10.1056/NEJMimc1710576

Brugada J, Campuzano O, Arbelo E, Sarquella-Brugada G, Brugada R. Present Status of Brugada Syndrome: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(9):1046‐1059. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.037

Zimmerman S, Davis M. Rapid Fire: Superior Vena Cava Syndrome. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2018;36(3):577‐584. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.04.011

Rosenthal TC, Majeroni BA, Pretorius R, Malik K. Fatigue: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2008;78(10):1173‐1179.

Ugawa Y. Voluntary and involuntary movements: A proposal from a clinician [published online ahead of print, 2019 Oct 18]. Neurosci Res. 2019;S0168-0102(19)30434-1. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2019.10.001

Henry DA. In The Clinic: Hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(3):ITC1‐ITC19. doi:10.7326/AITC201508040

Peri A. Management of hyponatremia: causes, clinical aspects, differential diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2019;14(1):13‐21. doi:10.1080/17446651.2019.1556095

Bing-Lei W, Jia-Hua Z, Yan L, et al. Three cases of antibody-LGI1 limbic encephalitis and review of literature. Int J Neurosci. 2019;129(7):642‐648. doi:10.1080/00207454.2018.1512985

Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Evaluation and treatment of hypernatremia: a practical guide for physicians. Postgrad Med. 2016;128(3):299‐306. doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1147322

Christ-Crain M, Bichet DG, Fenske WK, et al. Diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):54. Published 2019 Aug 8. doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0103-2

Runser LA, Gauer RL, Houser A. Syncope: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(5):303‐312.

Gnanaraj J, Parnes A, Francis CW, Go RS, Takemoto CM, Hashmi SK. Approach to pancytopenia: Diagnostic algorithm for clinical hematologists. Blood Rev. 2018;32(5):361‐367. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2018.03.001

Onuoha C, Arshad J, Astle J, Xu M, Halene S. Novel Developments in Leukopenia and Pancytopenia. Prim Care. 2016;43(4):559‐573. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2016.07.005

Zambernardi A, Label M. Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: How to Identify the Trigger. Reacciones cutáneas adversas a medicamentos: cómo identificar el desencadenante. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2018;109(8):699‐707. doi:10.1016/j.ad.2018.02.017

Szatkowski J, Schwartz RA. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP): A review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(5):843‐848. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.017

Duong TA, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Wolkenstein P, Chosidow O. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs [published correction appears in Lancet. 2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1948]. Lancet. 2017;390(10106):1996‐2011. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30378-6

Mustafa SS, Ostrov D, Yerly D. Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: Presentation, Risk Factors, and Management. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018;18(4):26. Published 2018 Mar 24. doi:10.1007/s11882-018-0778-6

Galván Casas C, Català A, Carretero Hernández G, et al. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 29]. Br J Dermatol. 2020;10.1111/bjd.19163. doi:10.1111/bjd.19163

Lan J, Song Z, Miao X, et al. Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(5):1215‐1216. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.014

Farber A, Eberhardt RT. The Current State of Critical Limb Ischemia: A Systematic Review. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(11):1070‐1077. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2018

Hasan TF, Rabinstein AA, Middlebrooks EH, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(4):523‐538. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.013

Liu J, Frishman WH. Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Cardiol Rev. 2016;24(5):244‐247. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000106

Bissell DM, Anderson KE, Bonkovsky HL. Porphyria. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):862–872. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1608634

Zhang R, Wang X, Ni L, et al. COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment. Life Sci. 2020;250:117583. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117583

Mistraletti G, Umbrello M, Sabbatini G, et al. Melatonin reduces the need for sedation in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81(12):1298–1310.

Medarov BI. Milk-alkali syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(3):261–267. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61144-0

Recommended by Dr. Michael Simon

Drake, M. G. (2018). High-flow nasal cannula oxygen in adults: an evidence-based assessment. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15(2), 145-155.

Sykes EA, Wu V, Beyea MM, Simpson MTW, Beyea JA. Pharyngitis: Approach to diagnosis and treatment. Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(4):251–257.

Ghanem KG, Ram S, Rice PA. The Modern Epidemic of Syphilis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(9):845–854. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1901593

Atkinson H, Wallis S, Coatesworth AP. Otitis media with effusion. Postgrad Med. 2015;127(4):381–385. doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1028317

Greenberg DL. Evaluation and treatment of shoulder pain. Med Clin North Am. 2014;98(3):487–504. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.016

Hu LT. Lyme Disease. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(9):ITC65–ITC80. doi:10.7326/AITC201605030

Grygiel-Górniak B, Limphaibool N, Perkowska K, Puszczewicz M. Clinical manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: key considerations and major features. Postgrad Med. 2018;130(7):581–596. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1503920

Rosen MJ. Dr. Friedrich Wegener, the ACCP, and History. Chest. 2007;132(3):739–741. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0769

D'Silva K, Cockrill B, Anderson WJ, Miller AL, Loscalzo J. A Rapid Change in Pressure. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(6):563–570. doi:10.1056/NEJMcps1814993

D'Silva K, Cockrill B, Anderson WJ, Miller AL, Loscalzo J. A Rapid Change in Pressure. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(6):563–570. doi:10.1056/NEJMcps1814993

Kellum JA. Determinants of plasma acid-base balance. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21(2):329–346. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2005.01.010

Kim D, George MP. Pulmonary Hypertension. Med Clin North Am. 2019;103(3):413–423. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.12.002

Callan P, Clark AL. Right heart catheterisation: indications and interpretation. Heart. 2016;102(2):147–157. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307786

Ajani JA, Lee J, Sano T, Janjigian YY, Fan D, Song S. Gastric adenocarcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17036. Published 2017 Jun 1. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.36

Chinsakchai K, Ten Duis K, Moll FL, de Borst GJ. Trends in management of phlegmasia cerulea dolens. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2011;45(1):5–14. doi:10.1177/1538574410388309

Ginwalla M, Tofovic DS. Current Status of Inotropes in Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2018;14(4):601–616. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2018.06.010

Sajgalik P, Grupper A, Edwards BS, et al. Current Status of Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(7):927–940. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.05.002

Lin W, Poh AL, Tang WHW. Novel Insights and Treatment Strategies for Right Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2018;15(3):141–155. doi:10.1007/s11897-018-0389-5

Noly PE, Pagani FD, Noiseux N, et al. Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Valvular Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(2):244–260. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.11.022

Guglin M, Zucker MJ, Borlaug BA, et al. Evaluation for Heart Transplantation and LVAD Implantation: JACC Council Perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(12):1471–1487. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.01.034

Thanabalasingham G, Owen KR. Diagnosis and management of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). BMJ. 2011;343:d6044. Published 2011 Oct 19. doi:10.1136/bmj.d6044

Barski L, Eshkoli T, Brandstaetter E, Jotkowitz A. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Eur J Intern Med. 2019;63:9–14. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2019.03.014

Goodall R, Langridge B, Onida S, Ellis M, Lane T, Davies AH. Median arcuate ligament syndrome [published online ahead of print, 2019 Dec 24]. J Vasc Surg. 2019;S0741-5214(19)32642-4. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.11.012

Beck-Peccoz P, Rodari G, Giavoli C, Lania A. Central hypothyroidism - a neglected thyroid disorder. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(10):588–598. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.47

Higham CE, Johannsson G, Shalet SM. Hypopituitarism. Lancet. 2016;388(10058):2403–2415. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30053-8

Biondi B, Cooper DS. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(25):2411–2419. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1709318

Barr W, Smith A. Acute diarrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(3):180–189.

Thiagarajah JR, Donowitz M, Verkman AS. Secretory diarrhoea: mechanisms and emerging therapies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(8):446–457. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.111

De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lancet. 2016;388(10047):906–918. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00278-6

Kravets I. Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(5):363–370.

Steinberg C. Diagnosis and clinical management of long-QT syndrome. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2018;33(1):31–41. doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000465

Littmann L, Gibbs MA. Electrocardiographic manifestations of severe hyperkalemia. J Electrocardiol. 2018;51(5):814–817. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.06.018

Carrick AI, Costner HB. Rapid Fire: Hypercalcemia. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2018;36(3):549–555. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.04.008

Custer AM, Yelamanchili VS, Lappin SL. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.

Gangwani MK, Nagalli S. Idioventricular Rhythm. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.

Wang S, Zimmermann S, Parikh K, Mansfield AS, Adjei AA. Current Diagnosis and Management of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(8):1599–1622. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.034

Brathwaite L, Reif M. Hypertensive Emergencies: A Review of Common Presentations and Treatment Options. Cardiol Clin. 2019;37(3):275–286. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2019.04.003

Lorenzo AJ. THE URINARY SYSTEM. In: Janson LW, Tischler ME. eds. The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=2355§ionid=185845372. Accessed March 24, 2020.
MLA Citation

Loriaux DL. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(15):1451–1459. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1505550

Buliman A, Tataranu LG, Paun DL, Mirica A, Dumitrache C. Cushing's disease: a multidisciplinary overview of the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. J Med Life. 2016;9(1):12–18.

Johnson JR, Russo TA. Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 15;378(11):1069]. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(1):48–59. doi:10.1056/nejmcp1702758

Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):18. Published 2019 Mar 14. doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0069-0

Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky AS. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA. 2018;319(7):698–710. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21907

Thompson BT, Chambers RC, Liu KD. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(6):562–572. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1608077
Recommended by Dr. Ahari

Huang S, Zhao S, Luo H, Wu Z, Wu J, Xia H, Chen X. The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a narrative review. BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Apr 8;21(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01479-6. PMID: 33832474; PMCID: PMC8027981.

Collins J. CT signs and patterns of lung disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 2001;39(6):1115–1135. doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70334-1

Herrick KR, Trondle ME, Febles TT. Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(4):221–228.

Parish JM, Blair JE. Coccidioidomycosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(3):343–349. doi:10.4065/83.3.343

Thompson GR 3rd, Lewis JS 2nd, Nix DE, Patterson TF. Current Concepts and Future Directions in the Pharmacology and Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis. Med Mycol. 2019;57(Supplement_1):S76–S84. doi:10.1093/mmy/myy029

Hill A, Hill QA. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018;2018(1):382–389. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.382

Ashina H, Porreca F, Anderson T, et al. Post-traumatic headache: epidemiology and pathophysiological insights. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(10):607–617. doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0243-8

Molitch ME. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas: A Review. JAMA. 2017;317(5):516–524. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.19699

Lim CT, Korbonits M. UPDATE ON THE CLINICOPATHOLOGY OF PITUITARY ADENOMAS. Endocr Pract. 2018;24(5):473–488. doi:10.4158/EP-2018-0034

Barkhoudarian G, Kelly DF. Pituitary Apoplexy. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2019;30(4):457–463. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2019.06.001

Barski L, Eshkoli T, Brandstaetter E, Jotkowitz A. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Eur J Intern Med. 2019;63:9–14. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2019.03.014

Goodall R, Langridge B, Onida S, Ellis M, Lane T, Davies AH. Median arcuate ligament syndrome [published online ahead of print, 2019 Dec 24]. J Vasc Surg. 2019;S0741-5214(19)32642-4. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.11.012

Farwell AP. Nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2013;20(5):478–484. doi:10.1097/01.med.0000433069.09294.e8

Alexandraki KI, Grossman A. Management of Hypopituitarism. J Clin Med. 2019;8(12):2153. Published 2019 Dec 5. doi:10.3390/jcm8122153

Larson ST, Wilbur J. Muscle Weakness in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(2):95–108.

Yaxley J, Pirrone C. Review of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Renal Tubular Acidosis. Ochsner J. 2016;16(4):525–530.

Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders in Comprehensive Clinical Nephropathy 6th ed.

Metabolic Acidosis from in Comprehensive Clinical Nephropathy 6th ed.

Ferro JM, Aguiar de Sousa D. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: an Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19(10):74. Published 2019 Aug 23. doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0988-x

Six hormones of the anterior pituitary.

Chiloiro S, Giampietro A, Bianchi A, et al. DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Primary empty sella: a comprehensive review. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177(6):R275–R285. doi:10.1530/EJE-17-0505

Tsirouki T, Dastiridou AI, Ibánez Flores N, et al. Orbital cellulitis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018;63(4):534–553. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.12.001

Sahin H, Kaproth-Joslin K, Hobbs SK. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Semin Roentgenol. 2019;54(1):37–43. doi:10.1053/j.ro.2018.12.004

Kulkarni T, Sharma NS, Diaz-Guzman E. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults: A practical guide for internists. Cleve Clin J Med. 2016;83(5):373–384. doi:10.3949/ccjm.83a.15021

Guglin M, Zucker MJ, Bazan VM, et al. Venoarterial ECMO for Adults: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(6):698–716. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.038

Bhatia M, Katz JN. Contemporary Comprehensive Monitoring of Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36(2):291–299. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.10.031

Binanay C, Califf RM, Hasselblad V, et al. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. JAMA. 2005;294(13):1625–1633. doi:10.1001/jama.294.13.1625

Sahin H, Kaproth-Joslin K, Hobbs SK. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Semin Roentgenol. 2019;54(1):37–43. doi:10.1053/j.ro.2018.12.004

Garg J, Palaniswamy C, Lanier GM. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: definition, incidence, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Cardiol Rev. 2015;23(2):69–78. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000038

Bosch X, Poch E, Grau JM. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2011 May 19;364(20):1982]. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):62–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0801327

Mamoune A, Bahuau M, Hamel Y, et al. A thermolabile aldolase A mutant causes fever-induced recurrent rhabdomyolysis without hemolytic anemia. PLoS Genet. 2014;10(11):e1004711. Published 2014 Nov 13. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004711

Wilkinson RJ, Rohlwink U, Misra UK, et al. Tuberculous meningitis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(10):581–598. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.120

Slane VH, Unakal CG. Tuberculous Meningitis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.

Donovan J, Figaji A, Imran D, Phu NH, Rohlwink U, Thwaites GE. The neurocritical care of tuberculous meningitis. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(8):771–783. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30154-1

Galińska EM, Zagórski J. Brucellosis in humans--etiology, diagnostics, clinical forms. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(2):233–238.

Karpagam KB, Ganesh B. Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance-an updated review [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jan 2]. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;10.1007/s10096-019-03797-4. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03797-4

Pakala T, Molina M, Wu GY. Hepatic Echinococcal Cysts: A Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(1):39–46. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2015.00036

Wilkins T, McMechan D, Talukder A. Colorectal Cancer Screening and Prevention. Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(10):658–665.

Strum WB. Colorectal Adenomas. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(11):1065–1075. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1513581

Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA, Kasi PM, Wallace MB. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019;394(10207):1467–1480. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0

Wang RZ, Vashistha V, Kaur S, Houchens NW. Serotonin syndrome: Preventing, recognizing, and treating it. Cleve Clin J Med. 2016;83(11):810–817. doi:10.3949/ccjm.83a.15129

Brown GR, McLaughlin K, Vaughn K. Identifying and treating patients with synthetic psychoactive drug intoxication. JAAPA. 2018;31(8):1–5. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000541487.41149.71

Pileggi DJ, Cook AM. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 2016;50(11):973–981. doi:10.1177/1060028016657553

Dr. Ahari recommends flow chart
Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 7;356(23):2437] [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1714]. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(11):1112–1120. doi:10.1056/NEJMra041867

From Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology 6th ed.)

Connors JM. Thrombophilia Testing and Venous Thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1177–1187. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1700365

Carroll BJ, Piazza G. Hypercoagulable states in arterial and venous thrombosis: When, how, and who to test?. Vasc Med. 2018;23(4):388–399. doi:10.1177/1358863X18755927

Carrier M, Lazo-Langner A, Shivakumar S, et al. Screening for Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(8):697–704. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1506623

Guh AY, Kutty PK. Clostridioides difficile Infection. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):ITC49–ITC64. doi:10.7326/AITC201810020

"...toxins remain detectable in 7% (2/28) of patients at the end of treatment for C difficile infection and as many as 56% (15/27) of patients with C difficile infection have positive stool cultures 1-4 weeks after therapy, despite resolution of diarrhea."
Guery B, Galperine T, Barbut F. Clostridioides difficile: diagnosis and treatments. BMJ. 2019;366:l4609. Published 2019 Aug 20. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4609

From Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs

From Rheumatology (7th Ed.)

Devinsky O, Vezzani A, O'Brien TJ, et al. Epilepsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18024. Published 2018 May 3. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.24

Thijs RD, Surges R, O'Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10172):689–701. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32596-0

Fried I. Auras and experiential responses arising in the temporal lobe. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997;9(3):420–428. doi:10.1176/jnp.9.3.420

Zeiler FA, Zeiler KJ, Teitelbaum J, Gillman LM, West M. Therapeutic Hypothermia for Refractory Status Epilepticus. Can J Neurol Sci. 2015;42(4):221–229. doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.31

Abou-Khalil BW. Update on Antiepileptic Drugs 2019. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019;25(2):508–536. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000715

Tomson T, Hiilesmaa V. Epilepsy in pregnancy. BMJ. 2007;335(7623):769–773. doi:10.1136/bmj.39266.473113.BE

Sbardella E, Grossman AB. Pheochromocytoma: An approach to diagnosis [published online ahead of print, 2019 Oct 22]. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;101346. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2019.101346

Charles L, Triscott J, Dobbs B. Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause. Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(7):453–461.

Vanoni F, Lava SAG, Fossali EF, et al. Neonatal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Syndrome: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2017;53(3):469–476. doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8653-0

Neutze D, Roque J. Clinical Evaluation of Bleeding and Bruising in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(4):279–286.

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